初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是中考英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)重要考點(diǎn)，接下來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)啦小編為你整理了初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)詳解，一起來(lái)看看吧。
初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)“六注意”
一要注意被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的不同時(shí)態(tài)
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“be+過(guò)去分詞”，其中的助動(dòng)詞be根據(jù)情況可使用各種不同時(shí)態(tài)。如：
She is respected by everyone. 她受到大家的尊重。(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))
The book will be reprinted soon. 這本書(shū)很快會(huì)重印。(一般將來(lái)時(shí))
The road is being repaired. 路正在修整。(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí))
They have been given a warning. 他們受到警告。(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))
二要注意帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
該結(jié)構(gòu)的基本形式為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be(或be的適當(dāng)形式)+過(guò)去分詞”。這類(lèi)結(jié)構(gòu)非常有可能作為語(yǔ)境題出現(xiàn)在考卷中。如：
The rules must be obeyed. 這些規(guī)章制度必須遵守。
They shouldn’t have been told about it. 這事是不應(yīng)當(dāng)告訴他們的。
三要注意非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
1. 不定式一般式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由“to be+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。如：
She asked to be given some work to do. 她要求給她一些工作做。
He was the last person to be asked to speak. 他是最后被邀請(qǐng)發(fā)言的人。
2. 不定式完成式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由“to have been+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。如：
I should like to have been told the result earlier. 我本想讓人把結(jié)果早點(diǎn)告訴我的。
3. 現(xiàn)在分詞一般式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由“being+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。如：
I saw him being taken away. 我看見(jiàn)有人把他帶走了。
Being protected by a wall, he felt quite safe. 有墻作保護(hù)，他感到很安全。
4. 現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由“having been+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。如：
Having been invited to speak, I’ll start making preparations tomorrow. 因?yàn)檠?qǐng)我去講話(huà)，我明天就得做準(zhǔn)備。
The subject having been opened，he had to go on with it. 話(huà)題已經(jīng)開(kāi)始了，他不得不談下去。
5. 動(dòng)名詞一般式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由“being+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。如：
She likes being looked at. 她喜歡被人瞧。
He hates being made a fool of. 他討厭被別人愚弄。
This question is far from being settled. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)解決。
6. 動(dòng)名詞完成式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。由“having been+過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。如：
Jenny’s not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret. 杰妮沒(méi)受過(guò)舞蹈的專(zhuān)業(yè)訓(xùn)練是她感到遺憾的事。
After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. 在接到把車(chē)開(kāi)出城的指令后，我開(kāi)始信心十足了。
注：過(guò)去分詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)式，因?yàn)樗旧砜梢员硎颈粍?dòng)意義。如：
The door remained locked. 門(mén)仍然鎖著。
初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：被動(dòng)句型的轉(zhuǎn)換
英語(yǔ)中有一種主動(dòng)句可以轉(zhuǎn)換成兩種被動(dòng)句型，它們通常是一些表示客觀說(shuō)明的句子，如：
People believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。
→ It’s believed that she is honest. 大家相信她是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。
→ She is believed to be honest. 大家相信她是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。
比較上面兩類(lèi)被動(dòng)句型可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，一類(lèi)是“it+be+過(guò)去分詞+that從句”，另一類(lèi)則是“主語(yǔ)+be+過(guò)去分詞+不定式”(其中的“主語(yǔ)”為前一類(lèi)句型中that從句中的主語(yǔ))，通?？捎糜谶@兩類(lèi)被動(dòng)句型的動(dòng)詞有assume, believe, expect, fear, feel, know, presume, report, say, suppose, think, understand等，比較(同時(shí)注意其中時(shí)態(tài)和動(dòng)詞形式的變化)：
It’s expected that he will come soon.= He is expected to come soon. 預(yù)計(jì)他很快就會(huì)來(lái)。
It’s expected that he has come. =He is expected to have come. 估計(jì)他會(huì)已經(jīng)來(lái)了。
It’s known that is a good singer. =He is known to be a good singer. 大家知道他是位優(yōu)秀的歌手。
It’s known that was a good singer. =He is known to have been a good singer. 大家知道他曾是位優(yōu)秀的歌手。
初中英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)：何時(shí)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
1.我們?cè)谄匠５挠⒄Z(yǔ)交流中，盡量使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，但在下列情況下，則通常使用使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：
The glass is broken. 玻璃杯破了。
Letters are collected at eight every morning. 信件每天早晨八點(diǎn)收取。
2. 為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)。如：
The desk was made by Master Wang. 這張課桌是王師傅做的。
The bag was taken away by his sister. 那個(gè)口袋是她姐姐提走的。
3. 在上下文中，為了使句子間連接緊密時(shí)。如：
I have a new motorbike. It was given to me as a birthday present by my father. 我有輛新摩托車(chē)。它是父親送給我作為生日禮物的。
4. 在新聞報(bào)道中，為了表明報(bào)道的客觀性而避免主觀性的透露時(shí)。如：
A car accident happened on the high way this morning. Three men were killed, the wounded were taken away to hospital at once and policemen were sent there to cope with the event. 今天早晨高速公路上發(fā)生了一起車(chē)禍，三人喪生，傷員馬上被送往了醫(yī)院，并馬上派了警察去處理這一事件。
5. 在科技論文中，常使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀事實(shí)。如：
When it is cold enough, water will be turned into ice. 當(dāng)天氣足夠冷時(shí)，水就會(huì)變成冰。
So far, the moon has been visited by earthmen several times. 到目前為止，地球人已經(jīng)幾次拜訪了月亮。
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