人教版高二英語上冊第九單元知識點
人教版高二英語上冊第九單元知識點
不管是在初中還是高中，英語知識點的學習都是很多學生的軟肋。高二階段想學好英語知識點，就要將基礎英語知識點學好，先打好基礎。以下是小編給你推薦的高二英語上冊第九單元知識點，希望對你有幫助!
英語第九單元知識點
(一)單元內容介紹與分析：
學習材料：聽力”(Listening)部分提供了一段演說詞，談到了地球所面臨的問題。第一部分要求學生通過聽弄清說話者的觀點，并根據(jù)所聽內容預測下文;第二部分要求學生列出說話人的觀點等，然后預測下文。
“閱讀”(Reading)部分是一篇關于“地球峰會”的介紹性文章。文章介紹了2002年在南非首都約翰內斯堡召開的“地球峰會(The Earth Summit)”的基本情況，包括會議召開的背景、會議的主題以及與會者所討論的主要問題和提出的解決辦法等。通過對該文章的閱讀，可以豐富學生有關本單元主題的語言和信息。
“綜合技能”部分設計了聽、說、寫的活動，以寫為主線。聽的內容是“地球峰會”上的兩篇發(fā)言。在聽的基礎上，要求學生陳述他們的觀點。寫的活動包括聽中補充提綱，聽后寫要點、提綱以及說后寫段落，環(huán)環(huán)相扣，層層深入。
“語言學習”：掌握有關倒裝句的幾個常用結構。
(二)詞匯學習：
運用構詞知識理解下列單詞：
ecology;environmentalist;sustainable;killer;equality;fairness;responsibility;cooperation;willingness;incorrect
(三)重點詞匯與短語的用法：
1. issue：問題;爭議;發(fā)行;分配，期刊
You will attend the meeting and discuss the issue.
I just got a rise, so money is no longer an issue.
Unemployment is not the issue-the real problem is the decline in public morality.
The article will appear in the next month's issue.
The post office issued the stamps last week.
2. content：內容;目錄;容量;滿足;滿意
Without reading the text, try to predict its content.
The content of your essay is excellent, but it’s not very well expressed.
注意表達“滿足，滿意”的短語：
be content with sth.
be content to do sth.
He is content with life.
John seems content to sit in front of the television all night.
3. access：接近;進入;接近……的方法;到達……的權利
20% of the people on earth do not have access to clean drinking water.
The house is in the center part of the town with good access to the shops.
Hospitals should give patients the right of access to their medical records.
All the branch managers can access the data bank of the general office.
4. responsibility：責任;責任心;職責
Rich countries have a responsibility towards poor countries and must do whatever they can to help others.
Taking care of family is a big responsibility.
注意構詞形式：responsibility的形容詞形式為responsible;常見短語是：be responsible for：替/對……負責。
She is my student, and I must be responsible for her.
5. in harmony with：與…協(xié)調/和諧;反義詞out of harmony with
With better education, people will be able to build a better Society in harmony with nature and perhaps put an end to the death and sufferings caused by the big three.
His tastes are in harmony with mine.
Bob and I worked together in harmony for years.
6. put an end to：結束
We must put an end to this foolish behaviour.
The chief task of the moment is to put an end to the terrible pollution in the rivers.
四)辨析下列單詞(近義詞)
1. affect / effect
affect：動詞：影響;感動;侵襲
effect：名詞：影響，效果;常見短語：have an effect on sb./ sth.
What we do is important because it affects the environment.
All the people in the room were affected to tears.
The medicine has little effect on the old man.
2. defend / protect / guard
defend：用武力或其他措施保護人們不受損害。辯護。
protect：用各種安全防御措施盡力照顧某人不受損害。
guard： 留心守望，警戒
Make sure that you are ready to answer questions and defend your argument.
It is the duty of every Chinese citizen to defend motherland.
Clothes protect us from cold.
Tow big dogs guard the farm.
(五)重，難點句的解釋與分析
1. One of the main themes Of the summit was “sustainable development’，or the question of how we can continue developing the world without damaging the environment.
其主題之一是“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”，也就是如何在不破壞環(huán)境的情況下使世界繼續(xù)發(fā)展的問題。
(1)句中or意為“也就是：即”，用于補充說明上文的內容。例如：
The company is paying the rent or at least Contributing to it
or的用法很多，除了上述的意思外，常見的還有：
Don’t put anything plastic in the oven or it will probably start melting.
Are you going with your parents or by yourself ?
(2)without doing結構在句子中作狀語，表示“在沒發(fā)生……情況下”。
They left the school in a hurry, without saying goodbye to anyone.
2. Air pollution alone causes almost three million deaths.
僅空氣污染就造成了近三百萬人死亡。
(1)alone在此是副詞，用在名詞或代詞后面，表示“只，只有;僅僅”。
He alone is not responsible for it.
Money alone cannot make you happy.
alone還可以解釋“單獨地;獨自地”。
He likes to go it alone in everything.
alone作形容詞時，解釋“單獨的; 唯一的：獨一無二的”，在句子作表語。
I am not alone in this opinion.
(2)deaths：可數(shù)名詞：死亡的人數(shù)。不可數(shù)名詞指：死亡。
3. If we are to develop the world successfully, we must make sure that everyone is able to take part in the new world we create.
如果我們要成功地開發(fā)世界，就必須確保人人都能夠參與我們創(chuàng)造的新世界。
be +to do sth這個結構常常表示安排，命令、職責、義務、目的、用途，可能性、命中注定等含義。例如：
We are to meet at the school gate.
You are to be back by 10 o'clock.
The prize is to honour him for his great discovery.
4. Richer countries have a responsibility towards poorer countries and must do whatever they can to help others.
富國對于窮國負有責任，他們必須盡可能地幫助其他國家。
do whatever one can相當于do what one can，只是前者的語氣更強。
(六)閱讀材料中的典型倒裝句：
1. Without international cooperation, developing countries cannot prosper, nor will sustainable development be possible.
沒有國際合作，發(fā)展中國家合作就不可能繁榮，可持續(xù)發(fā)展也就不可能實現(xiàn)。
由nor，neither，not，hardly，seldom, never等表示否定意思的詞位于句首時，句子采用部分倒裝結構。部分倒裝類似一般疑問句結構。
Never have I met him.
Seldom have we seen such big melons.
Hardly had she entered the house when she heard the dog barking.
2. Only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.
只有我們改變自己的生活方式，才能拯救地球。
由“only+狀語”結構位于句首，句子也需采用部分倒裝結構。
Only in this way can you work out the maths problem.
Only when Tom returns this afternoon will the meeting began.
3. Had I known that air conditioners cause so much pollution, 1 would never have bought one.
要是我以前知道空調會造成大量的污染，我就不會買它了。
這是一個含有虛擬語氣結構的句子，其中條件句的引導詞if被省略，按照倒裝句的規(guī)則，采用部分倒裝句。原結構是
If I had known that air conditioners cause so much pollution, 1 would never have bought one.
4. A better understanding of the environment is necessary, as is the willingness to act.
更好地了解環(huán)保是必要的，行動的愿望也是必要的。
as相當于so：通常表達“……也是一樣”可以說：as / so is(was ; does; do; did….)+主語。
He believed, as did all his family, that God would bless them.
英語第九單元練習題
1. We sat there, with what we listened to.
A. satisfying B. to satisfy C. contented D. content
答案：D
分析：content形容詞，作伴隨狀語;也可以用satisfied。
2. Passengers are _____ to be careful of pickpockets.
A. hoped B. informed C. advised D. suggested
答案：C
分析：句意為“乘客被告知要謹防小偷。”advise sb. to do sth.變形為be advised to do sth…其他三項都不能用于這一結構中。
3. When she fainted, her friends opened a window and put cold water on her face to her.
A. refine B. revive C. revise D. reverse
答案：B
分析：句意為“她昏倒后，她的朋友們打開窗戶，井把涼水灑在她的臉上，以使她蘇醒過來。”revive使蘇醒，與句意吻合。
4. No one was ____ for the damage of the broken window, because it was broken by the storm .
A. excused B. considered C. responsible D. possible
答案：C
分析：be responsible for.: 對……負責。
5. You must to this bad behaviour.
A. give up B. do away C. put an end D. make way
答案：C
分析：句意為“你必須克服這個惡習。”put an end to sth. 去掉……與句意吻合。
6. Some people say that students' progress in school is __ by environment and heredity.
A. effected B. affected C. offered D. afforded
答案：B
分析：“有些人認為學生們在學校的進步是會受到環(huán)境和遺傳因素影響的。”affect影響，與句意吻合。
7. The branches could hardly the weight of the fruit.
A. retain B. sustain C. maintain D. remain
答案：B
分析：sustain the weight of sth. 支撐某物。retain保留;保持，maintain維持，remain剩下，留下。
8. Over a third of the population was estimated to have no ____ to the health service.
A. appointment B. assignment C. exception D. access
答案：D
分析：“估計有超過三分之一的人沒有機會享受健康服務。”have(no)access to“有(沒有)機會進入(享受;使用)……”。
9. The basic causes are unknown, although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been ____.
A. identified B. informed C. conveyed D. undertaken
答案：A
分析：identify認出;識別，inform通知;告知，convey傳播;傳達，undertake保證。句意為“癌癥的根本起因還不清楚，但某些可能會導致癌癥的條件已被發(fā)現(xiàn)。”
10. There was once a town in this country where all life seemed to live in ___ with its surroundings.
A. chance B. harmony C. ability. D. introduction
答案：B
分析：句意為“在這個國家曾有一個小城鎮(zhèn)，那兒所有的生命與周圍的環(huán)境都和諧地生存著。”in harmony with協(xié)調一致;和諧，與句意吻合。
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