人教版高二英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)第十單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)
高二英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的學(xué)習(xí)不僅僅是背單詞那么簡(jiǎn)單，更重要的是將涉及的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)理點(diǎn)解明白。以下是小編給你推薦的高二英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)第十單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)，希望對(duì)你有幫助!
英語(yǔ)第十單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1. How does nature form a danger to people in the world and how can science help reduce that threat. 大自然是怎樣對(duì)全世界人民形成一種威脅的及科學(xué)能如何幫助減少這種威脅。( p.73 Warming Up No.3)
1) danger此處用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“危害，威脅”，常與介詞to或of連用。如：① The narrow bridge is a danger to traffic. 這座狹窄的橋梁對(duì)交通造成了危險(xiǎn)。② Violent criminals like that are a danger to society. 這種暴力罪犯對(duì)社會(huì)是一種危害。③ A busy street is a danger to children. 交通流量大的街道對(duì)小孩子很危險(xiǎn)。
【鏈接】像danger一樣，還有些抽象名詞可表示具體化的事物。如：surprise，cold，pleasure，pity，failure，success， worry，honour， experience，must，difficulty，youth，beauty，wonder，interest等;但也有些抽象名詞即使沒有形容詞修飾也不能具體化，如：fun，advice，information，health，progress，wealth，news，weather等。如：① The experiment has turned out a success. 實(shí)驗(yàn)終于成功了。② Many people agree that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today. 許多人贊成當(dāng)今國(guó)際貿(mào)易中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)是不可缺少的東西。
2) reduce此處用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“把 (數(shù)量、力量等)減少;縮小(尺寸、程度等);降低(價(jià)格等)”，如：① I bought this shirt because it was reduced from to . 我買了這件襯衣，因?yàn)樗膬r(jià)格從12英鎊減到6英鎊。 ② She reduced her weight by 5 kilograms. 她的體重減輕了5公斤。③ Reduce the sauce by boiling it for ten minutes. 煮十分鐘把調(diào)味汁熬掉些。④ The new working method further reduced production costs. 新的操作方法進(jìn)一步降低了生產(chǎn)成本。
【拓展】reduce還可意為“使成為(多用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)且與to連用);使處于某種狀態(tài)(須與to連用)”。如：① The bomb reduced the city to ruins. 炸彈爆炸使得該城鎮(zhèn)化為廢墟。② The house was reduced to ashes. 房子被燒成了灰燼。③ He managed to reduced the group of children to silence. 他設(shè)法使這些孩子靜了下來。④In the old society he was reduced to begging. 在舊社會(huì)他被逼得討飯。
2. My friend said he was scared to death. 我的朋友說他嚇得要死。(p.74 Speaking 倒數(shù)第7行)
1) scared意為“感到害怕(恐懼)的，受驚嚇的”，其后常與介詞of/at，動(dòng)詞不定式或that從句連用。如： ① Are you scared of snakes? 你怕蛇嗎? ② Why won't you come on the trip? Are you scared? 你為什么不參加旅行?你害怕嗎? ③ She was scared to ride on the horse. 她怕騎馬。④ I'm scared to fly in a plane/scared that it might crash. 我很怕坐飛機(jī)旅行/很怕飛機(jī)墜毀。
【辨析】scared;frightened;terrified 三者意義相同，只是程度不同：scared語(yǔ)氣最弱，terrified語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)。
?、?I felt a bit scared when the plane took off. 飛機(jī)起飛時(shí)，我有點(diǎn)害怕。② The child was frightened by the big dog. 那孩子被狗嚇壞了。③ I was terrified when the tiger ran towards me. 那只老虎向我撲來時(shí)，我嚇壞了。
2) 本句中的介詞to表示某一過程達(dá)到的結(jié)果，變?yōu)?ldquo;成了…，以至變?yōu)?hellip;”。如： ① His debts amounted to 5,000 dollars. 他的負(fù)債額達(dá)到了5000美元。② The cup was broken to pieces. 那杯子破成了碎片。③ The snow soon turned to water under the rays of the sun. 在陽(yáng)光照射下雪很快變成了水。④ The cake was burnt to a cinder by the time Mary got back. 瑪麗回來時(shí)，點(diǎn)心已烤成焦炭。⑤ He drank himself to death. 他飲酒致死。⑥ To our great surprise，he didn't turn up. 使我們很奇怪的是他竟然沒有露面。
3. Some people got into a total panic, when the typhoon pulled the roofs off their houses and cars went up in the air. 當(dāng)臺(tái)風(fēng)掀掉屋頂、汽車刮上天時(shí)，有些人驚慌起來。(p.74 Speaking 倒數(shù)第4行)
1) get into a panic意為“進(jìn)入恐怖狀態(tài)”，其后與about連用引出原因。如：① The audience got into a panic about the fire in the theatre.觀眾因劇院起火而變得慌亂起來。② She got into a panic when she thought she'd forgotten the tickets. 她想起忘了帶入場(chǎng)券時(shí)，頓時(shí)驚慌起來。
【注意】panic尤其指沒有明確的理由而傳開于群眾間的恐慌，通常用單數(shù)形式或當(dāng)作不可數(shù)名詞。如：① We were thrown into a panic when the lights suddenly went off. 當(dāng)燈突然熄滅時(shí)，我們陷入一片慌亂。 ② The crowd was in a panic. 群眾陷入恐慌狀態(tài)。
2) 句中off意為“從原位置或接觸連接處移開，分離或脫落”，即從整體中去掉某一部分。如： ① One of the buttons has come off my coat. 我的衣服掉了一個(gè)紐扣。 ② The bus hit a truck and ran off the road. 那輛公共汽車撞上了一輛卡車，沖出了公路。③ She took some meat off the plate. 她從盤子里拿走了一些肉。④ You are going off the subject, aren't you? 你的話離題了，不是嗎?
3) go up的幾種常見意思：a. 上漲，提高; b. 響起;c. 爆炸, 被炸，/燒毀;d. 拔地而起。如： ① Everything seems to be going up these days. 近來什么東西好像都要漲價(jià)。② When the first stream of clear water flowed into the canal，a great cheer went up. 當(dāng)?shù)谝还汕迦魅胨r(shí)，頓時(shí)一片歡騰。 ③ The tall building went up in flames. 這座大樓在熊熊烈火中燒毀了。④ New universities went up at a fantastic rate in the 1980s. 在80年代，新的大學(xué)以極快的速度建造起來。
4. Yeah, man. Now that kind of thing would really frighten me. 嗯，老兄。那種事情確實(shí)使我害怕。(p.74 Speaking 倒數(shù)第4行)
man此處用作不可數(shù)名詞，用于稱呼男性，意為“老兄”。如：① This party is really great, man! 老兄，這個(gè)聚會(huì)真是棒極了! ② Wake up, man，you can't sleep all day! 老兄，醒醒，你不能整天睡覺!
【鏈接】有關(guān)man的幾種特殊用法：(1) 在男人與女人相提并論時(shí)，man前不用冠詞，單獨(dú)用。如：Man is stronger than woman. 男人比女人強(qiáng)壯。(2)用作不可數(shù)名詞，表示“人類”時(shí)，不和冠詞連用。如：Man must fight for his own existence. 人類必須為自己的生存而奮斗。(3) men and woman是固定短語(yǔ)，詞序不能顛倒，表示“男女”。如：This TV play is so interesting that men and women，boys and girls like to watch it. 這部電視劇非常有趣，男女老少都愛看。(4)含man的幾條諺語(yǔ)：① So many men，so many minds. 人各有志。② Like master，like man. 有其主必有其仆。③ Dead man tell no tales. 死人不會(huì)泄露。④ A man can die but once. 人無二死。⑤ A man can do n0 more than he can. 凡事應(yīng)量力而行。⑥ A man can not spin and reel at the same time. 一心不能二用。 ⑦ A man has choice to begin love, but not to end it. 談愛容易擺脫難。⑧ Men may meet but mountains never. 人生何處不相逢。⑨ A man of words and not of deeds is like a garden full of weeds. 光說不做的人有如光生長(zhǎng)野草的花園。⑩ No man is born wise or learned. 人非生而知之者。 ⑪ No man is wise at all times. 智者千慮必有一失。
5. It makes my hair stand on end.這令我毛骨悚然。(p.75 Useful expressions)
on end意義有二：a. 直立;b. 連續(xù)的，繼續(xù)地(也可以說 right / straight on end)。如：We had to stand the table on end to get in through the door. 我們只能把桌子豎起才能把它抬進(jìn)這門。The terrible sight made her hair stand on end. 那可怕的景象使她毛骨悚然。He sat there for hours on end. 她連續(xù)幾個(gè)小時(shí)坐在那兒。It has been snowing on end for a week.雪連續(xù)下了一周。
英語(yǔ)第十單元練習(xí)題
從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
21. ______, Mike? You look pale.
A. Hello B. How are you C. How do you do D. What’s up
22. He had ______ two wars and three revolutions.
A. lived on B. lived by C. lived out D. lived through
23. I urge that a doctor ______ immediately.
A. has been sent for B. sends for C. will be sent for D. be sent for
24. ------ Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
-----------Yes. I give it to her_____ I saw her.
A. while B. for the moment C. in a moment D. the moment
25. Bill can play the piano, sing and lead his orchestra ______.
A. all of a sudden B. at the time C. all at once D. all the same
26. They were ______ to death when they saw a giant spider.
A. scare B. scaring C. scared D. scary
27. We were having supper when the clock ______ twelve.
A. struck B. hit C. beat D. knocked
28. — Will John come here today?.
—No, he finally decided ______.
A. not to be B. not to going C. not to D. not going
29. It was reported that the ship and all people______ had sunk.
A. at hand B. on end C. on all sides D. on board
30. Oh, Jim. ______ you give us..
A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise.
C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise
31. He took care of the boy ______ he were his own son.
A. because B. as though C. for D. even though
32. The girl on the bus began to sing a pop song and soon all the others______..
A. joined in B. Joined C. attended D. took part in
33. ______ the airport, he was arrested by the police.
A. As soon as arriving B. Upon he arrived C. On arriving D. Upon arrival at
34. Are your socks made____________ or machine?
A. at hand B. by hand C. in hand D. to hand
35. The sight of the dead man made his hair ______ on end.
A. sit B. lie C. stand D. seat
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