PEP小學英語語法點講解——時態(tài)
PEP小學英語語法點講解——時態(tài)
很多自覺英語不好的同學可能都有一個困惑,就是英語學了很多年,卻從來沒有系統(tǒng)地學習過語法,語法不懂,考試發(fā)懵。小編在這里整理了相關(guān)知識,快來看看吧!
PEP小學英語語法點講解——時態(tài)
一、一般現(xiàn)在時
一般現(xiàn)在時的功能
1. 表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如:The sky is blue. 天空是藍色的。
2. 表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六點起床。
3. 表示客觀現(xiàn)實。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成
1. be動詞:主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。如:
肯定句:She is a teacher.
否定句:She is not a teacher.
一般疑問句: Is she a teacher?
2. 行為動詞:主語+行為動詞(+其它)。如:
We study English.
當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he,she,it)時,要在動詞后加"-s"或"-es"。
Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。
行為動詞的變化
否定句:主語+don't(doesn't)+動詞原形(+其它)。如:
I don't like bread.
當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時,要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如:
He doesn't work hard.
一般疑問句:Do(Does)+主語+動詞原形+其它。如:
-Do you often play football?
-Yes,I do./No,I don't.
當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時,要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如:
-Does she go to work by bike?
-Yes,she does./No,she doesn't.
特殊疑問句:疑問詞+一般疑問句。如:How does your father go to work?
動詞+s的變化規(guī)則
1. 一般情況下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks,milk-milks
2. 以s.x.sh.ch.o結(jié)尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes
3. 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變y為i,再加-es,如:study-studies
三、現(xiàn)在進行時
1. 現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行或發(fā)生的動作,也可表示當前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。
2. 現(xiàn)在進行時的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動詞ing.
3. 現(xiàn)在進行時的否定句在be后加not。
4. 現(xiàn)在進行時的一般疑問句把be動詞調(diào)到句首。
5. 現(xiàn)在進行時的特殊疑問的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:
疑問詞 + be + 主語 + 動詞ing?
但疑問詞當主語時其結(jié)構(gòu)為:
疑問詞 + be + 動詞ing? 如:Who is singing in the room?
動詞加ing的變化規(guī)則
1.一般情況下,直接加ing,如:cook-cooking
2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾,去e加ing,如:make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是一個元音字母和一個輔音字母,雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加ing,如:run-running, swim-swimming
三、一般將來時
1. 概念:表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準備做某事。句中一般有以下時間狀語:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。
2. 基本結(jié)構(gòu):①be going to + do; ②will+ do.
3. 否定句:在be動詞(am, is, are)l后加not或情態(tài)動詞will后加not成won’t。
例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
4. 一般疑問句: be或will提到句首,some改為any, and改為or,第一二人稱互換。
例如:We are going to go on an outing this weekend. → Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?
5. 對劃線部分提問。一般情況,一般將來時的對劃線部分有三種情況。
?、?問人。Who 例如:I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.
?、?問干什么。What … do.例如: My father is going to watch a race with me this
afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon?
?、?問什么時候。When.例如:She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed?
四、一般過去時
1. 一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。一般過去時也表示過去經(jīng)?;蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作。
2. be動詞在一般過去時中的變化:
?、臿m 和is在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣as。(was not=wasn’t)
?、芶re在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣ere。(were not=weren’t)
?、菐в衱as或were的句子,其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣,即否定句在was或were后加not,一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。
3. 句中沒有be動詞的一般過去時的句子
否定句:didn’t +動詞原形,如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday.
一般疑問句:在句首加did,句子中的動詞過去式變回原形。 如:Did Jim go home yesterday?
特殊疑問句:
?、乓蓡栐~+did+主語+動詞原形? 如:What did Jim do yesterday?
?、埔蓡栐~當主語時:疑問詞+動詞過去式? 如:Who went home yesterday?
動詞過去式變化規(guī)則:
1. 一般在動詞末尾加-ed,如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2. 結(jié)尾是e加d,如:taste-tasted
3. 末尾只有一個元音字母和一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié),應雙寫末尾的輔音字母,再加-ed,如:stop-stopped
4. 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,變y為i, 再加-ed,如:study-studied
5. 不規(guī)則動詞過去式:
am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat
習題講解
1.David _________making model ships, but Mike doesn’t.
A: like B:likes C: is like
解析:正確答案B。這里是like的用法,因為David是第三人稱故A排除,C中is like 表示像什么,根據(jù)句意本題應該是David喜歡做模型船。
2.---What are you going to do next week?
---I___________in the sea.
A:am going to swim B:am swimming C:swim
解析:正確答案是A。問題里面的next week表示將來時,根據(jù)語法結(jié)構(gòu)將來時應該用be going to do,故選A。
成語雙語故事:指鹿為馬
call black white (and white black)
指鹿為馬
In Qin dynasty, there was a powerful and evil counselor named Zhao Gao.
在秦朝,有個很得勢的奸臣叫趙高。
Zhao Gao wanted to rebel, but he didn‘t know how many people in the court would stand by his side.
趙高想造反,但是又不知道群臣中有多少人會支持他。
So he worked out a way to test the people.
于是他想了個辦法來測試。
He presented a deer as a tribute to the emperor in front of the court, and said that it was a swift horse.
他在群臣面前送了一頭鹿給皇上,并說這是一匹千里馬。
The emperor not accepting his statement said, “This is obviously a deer.”
皇上不信,說“這明明是鹿啊?!?/p>
Then, Zhao Gao took this opportunity to ask the court, “Is this a deer or a horse?”
然后趙高借機問各位大臣,“這是鹿還是馬?”
In the court, those who didn’t dare to go against Zhao Gao agreed with him and said that it was a horse, those who dared to go against Zhao Gao said that it was a deer.
在大臣中,不敢反抗趙高的都贊同說是馬,敢于反對趙高的說是鹿。
Later, Zhao Gao remembered the counselors who didn‘t agree with him and persecuted them to solidify his power.
后來,趙高記住了這些反對他的人并加以迫害,以鞏固自己的勢力。
This story is still popular even today. People use this idiom to describe someone who calls white black.
這個故事流傳至今,人們用這個成語來形容一個人顛倒黑白。
英語中表達“指鹿為馬”意思的短語可以用“call black white (and white black)”,意思也就是“把黑的當白的,把白的當作黑的”,這樣也就是顛倒是非啦~
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