托福寫作中常用錯(cuò)的5組詞匯

托福寫作中常用錯(cuò)的5組詞匯

　　托福寫作詞匯中，有些相似詞義的詞匯，其實(shí)在用法上大相徑庭。為了幫助考生避開誤區(qū)，盡量不在詞匯量上被扣分，下面是小編給大家?guī)淼耐懈懽髦谐Ｓ缅e(cuò)的5組詞匯，希望能幫到大家!

　　托福寫作中常用錯(cuò)的5組詞匯

　　一、compare與contrast的誤用

　　我們先從兩者的定義入手來看兩者的區(qū)別。Compare的定義為：to examine people or things to see how they are similar or different. Contrast的定義為：to compare two or more things to show the difference between them.由定義不難看出前者側(cè)重于找到兩個(gè)或多個(gè)事物的異同,而后者則側(cè)重于它們的不同。

　　看個(gè)例句：It is interesting to compare their situations to ours./It is interesting to contrast their situations to ours.

　　前一句翻譯為：對(duì)比一下我們的情況與他們的情況會(huì)很有趣。

　　后一句的翻譯為：我們的情況與他們的情況有很大的不同,這很有趣。

　　再看一個(gè)引自O(shè)XFORD ADBANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY的例子：

　　There is an obvious contrast between the culture of East and West.

　　The company lost million in contrast to a profit of .2 million a year earlier.

　　When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast.

　　不難發(fā)現(xiàn),Compare翻譯為“與……相比”而contrast可譯為“明顯不同的是……”，切記這種翻譯方式就不會(huì)用錯(cuò)彼此了。

　　二、介詞使用錯(cuò)誤

　　1、普通介詞的誤用

　　一般表現(xiàn)為固定搭配錯(cuò)誤,如常把provide sb with sth用成provide sb sth; be satisfied with用成be satisfied for等,雖然這樣的錯(cuò)誤看似無傷大雅，但在考官眼里就是影響順暢閱讀的,當(dāng)然會(huì)影響最終成績(jī)。解決的辦法簡(jiǎn)單而古老：把常見的固定搭配牢記于心,問題自然就解決了。

　　2、“to”作為介詞的誤用

　　“to”最常見的用法是以動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)的形式出現(xiàn)的,所以同學(xué)們也已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了“to do”的固定搭配。對(duì)于一些如walk to me, to the left等介詞to表方向等常見用法一般也不會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤。但是對(duì)于與動(dòng)詞搭配的介詞to就會(huì)經(jīng)常犯錯(cuò)：

　　如：More and more students have taken to depend on their parents to make decision for them.

　　這里的‘take to’ means ‘to begin to do sth as a habit’其中‘to’為介詞,所以后面只能接名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞,如動(dòng)名詞。所以黑體處應(yīng)改為“depending on”。“take to”的另一個(gè)常用用法也需要牢記：

　　He hasn’t taken to his new school. (這里‘take to’ means ‘to start liking sb or sth’)

　　Prefer A to B中的“to”也是介詞,會(huì)有prefer doing sth to doing sth/ prefer sth to sth else,“prefer to do sth rather than do sth”中的“to”可是真正的不定式符號(hào)。

　　類似的常用用法請(qǐng)同學(xué)們牢記：

　　Be used to doing

　　Be accustomed to doing

　　See to doing

　　Adapt to doing

　　Adjust to doing

　　prefer doing sth. to doing sth.

　　三、assume及claim使用不夠準(zhǔn)確

　　我們知道, think, assume, claim是議論文中常用引出觀點(diǎn)的動(dòng)詞。在實(shí)際作文中,同學(xué)們往往認(rèn)為幾個(gè)詞的意思是一樣的,完全可以代換,所以拿過來就用。甚至還有同學(xué)把consider也拿過來與之混用。我們首先還是從定義來看這幾個(gè)詞的不同：

　　Think： to have opinion or belief about sth.

　　翻譯為“認(rèn)為”,通常接賓語從句來表達(dá)比較確定的觀點(diǎn)。

　　Assume： to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it.

　　翻譯為“假設(shè)、假定”,是否有事實(shí)依據(jù)是不確定的。

　　Claim： to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it.

　　翻譯為“聲稱”,用這個(gè)詞往往意味著不贊同緊跟其后的觀點(diǎn),所以很少用作‘I claim that…

　　Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer, but in fact, …。

　　所以‘It is claimed that’通常翻譯為“有報(bào)道稱。。。”。和‘it is reported that ’的區(qū)別在于后者翻譯為“據(jù)報(bào)道”,往往代表著作者贊同報(bào)告的內(nèi)容,

　　Consider： to think about sth carefully, especially in order to make a decision

　　翻譯為“考慮”,一般不用作引出觀點(diǎn),看個(gè)例子：

　　We are considering buying a new car.

　　所以,千萬不要在托福寫作的第一段(觀點(diǎn)表達(dá)段)就因?yàn)橛迷~把握不準(zhǔn)而導(dǎo)致對(duì)整篇文章的低分印象。

　　四、表“建議”的詞匯后面忘記用虛擬從句

　　這是摘自學(xué)生托福作文中的一個(gè)病句：

　　I suggest he continues his study instead of working after graduation from high school.

　　因?yàn)?lsquo;suggest’翻譯為“建議”,所以后面的從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語氣,黑體部分應(yīng)該改為“(should) continue”

　　所以考生一定要牢記以下常見表“建議”的詞匯,而且要記住這些詞接從句時(shí)要用虛擬語氣：

　　Recommend, suggest, advise

　　五、such as與for example的混用

　　我們知道,在表示舉例子的時(shí)候,such as與like是完全等同的,如：Wild flowers such as/like orchids and primroses are becoming rare.

　　但是同學(xué)們對(duì)于Such as、for example的把握還是不夠準(zhǔn)確。我們都知道,后者接句子前者接詞語表示舉例子。于是就有了下面的寫法：

　　There is a similar word in many languages, such as in French and Italian.

　　這里的such as改為for example為好,因?yàn)?ldquo;in French and Italian”其實(shí)是“there is a similar word in French and Italian”的簡(jiǎn)化,所以要用for example來引出例證。再來看幾個(gè)類似的例子：

　　It is possible to combine computer science with other subjects, for example physics.

　　托福獨(dú)立寫作高分范文——投資道路還是公共交通

　　優(yōu)秀的新托福寫作文章大家也一定看過不少，但是誰不想多儲(chǔ)備點(diǎn)文章呢?下面請(qǐng)看小編為大家?guī)淼囊黄?jīng)典寫作文章，希望同學(xué)們看完能夠有所啟發(fā)。

　　Should governments spend more money on improving roads and highways, or should governments spend more money on improving public transportation (buses, trains, subways)? Why? Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay.

　　托福寫作參考范文：

　　Should governments spend more money on improving roads and highways or on improving public transportations? There seems to be a difficult problem since many reasons should be involved.However, after carefully pondering it, I buttress the last one, spending the money on improving public transportation. The reasons are presented below:

　　There is no denying that improving the public transportation will surely alleviate the pollution given off by enormous cars. If a city has not a developed public transportation, the air will be polluted more heavily. What a dirty environment we will live in! Every day breathing into the air filled with the flour of the gasoline, seeing the sky with the dull color will be the title of our life.So the essence of environment has been realized by an increasingly number of people, to the governments, the protection of environment is especially an undeniable mission.

　　Another reason I agree with it is that developed public transportation will decrease the frequency of the traffic jams. Perhaps no worse word than “traffic jams” exists, to the businessmen who believe in “Time is money”. Traffic jams not only cost the people time and expense, but also create a bad mood for work. It greatly decreases the efficiency of the whole city. I imagine how can a city whose avenue full of traffic jams develop its economics?

　　Finally, I want to say that improving the public transportation provide a great number of ways of transportation for most of the poor people who can not afford to buy a car. It is known that our citizens is not made of only people who has the ability to own a car, but the very poor people are also included. I believe that however the technology is improved, the public apparatus should not be ignored, because it serves the people all over the city.

　　Nevertheless, the private transportation has its own advantages, for instance, it can save a lot of time in some cases, provide some convenience for people. But improving on roads and highways is advantageous only conditionally. Based on the above discussion, I agree with the opinion that the government should spend money on improving public transportation not only it can protect environment and save time for people, but it also can create a convenient environment for all the citizens.

　　其實(shí)對(duì)于考試本身來說，我們并不介意大家去背文章，因?yàn)樵谝恍┙?jīng)典文章中，我們能學(xué)到的東西有很多，比如說語法結(jié)構(gòu)、句子的使用、觀點(diǎn)的表達(dá)等。所以說大家在備考的時(shí)候就要學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)文章進(jìn)行分解，從而得到對(duì)自己真正有用的東西。