用分類法打開雅思寫作思路

　　想要短時(shí)間內(nèi)突破寫作，首當(dāng)其沖是要打開寫作思路。如何根據(jù)topic提示在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)正確流程寫出作文，是雅思寫作的真正挑戰(zhàn)。本文向大家介紹“分類法”，幫大家迅速打開思路，希望對大家有所幫助。

　　實(shí)例講解用分類法打開雅思寫作思路

　　分類法

　　即題目topic過于抽象或者過于廣泛的時(shí)候，我們可以將討論對象具體化，對其加以分類，分成B.C甚至更多類，這樣要描述的東西會更多。但需要注意的是，分類法需要大家保持思維的高度清晰，所以分類的時(shí)候盡量要求全面、科學(xué)。

　　舉個(gè)例子：

　　Some people think old buildings should be destroyed and replaced with modern buildings .Do you agree or disagree?

　　很明顯文topic是old buildings 。但是old buildings包含的范圍就比較廣，所以我們就可以從拆或者不拆的角度看，老房子就可以分為應(yīng)該要拆和不應(yīng)該拆的。這樣文章思路很明顯就出來了。這時(shí)候我們只需要說明那些老房子拆掉對城市化進(jìn)程有好處的，一些不應(yīng)該拆掉的像一些歷史名跡對文化有傳承作用的，這樣文章就很完整了。

　　首先分成兩類：應(yīng)該拆的和不應(yīng)該拆的。

　　第一段：背景介紹，老房子很多，人們對是否要拆有爭議。 There are a vast number of old structures in cities today. Whether they should be destroyed is a controversial issue.

　　第二段： 提出老房子應(yīng)該拆，寫兩個(gè)分論點(diǎn)—不安全、影響市容。 Safety and spoil the cityscape.

　　第三段：一些老房子不能拆，如特殊歷史意義的，人文居住類型的。 Buildings of historic values, special ethnic group architecture

　　第四段：結(jié)論由于城市發(fā)展必須拆掉，但特殊價(jià)值的不但不能，而且要有效保護(hù)。

　　十天突破雅思寫作--三種句式神助攻

　　本文主要跟大家分享三種real實(shí)用的雅思寫作句式。分別是前進(jìn)式，倒退式以及中間式。這些句型在作文主體論證時(shí)都非常有用，熟練掌握能幫大家作文提升一個(gè)level!

　　一、前進(jìn)式(用來論證advantage好的方面)

　　1. benefit from 從……當(dāng)中獲益

　　例句：Their command of the language in later life will benefit from this early exposure, while learning other language subsequently will be easier from them.(劍9例句)

　　詳解：【注意】上面這個(gè)短語與is beneficial to……(對…有益)的主語和賓語位置正好相反，而且地道英文中有時(shí)還可以把它們放在文章的不同位置交替使用，以實(shí)現(xiàn)句式多樣化。

　　【反義】suffer from… 遭受…… 【反義】be damaged by… 被……破壞

　　2. invest in 對…投資

　　例句：In many countries, employees are encouraged to invest in private pension (養(yǎng)老金)plans. 詳解：【近義】fund sth.

　　例句：This affordability is further enhanced by the use of credit cards and loans in order to fund travel, especially for holiday purposes.(劍8例句) 【對比】be seriously underfunded資金嚴(yán)重不足的

　　【相關(guān)】impose a high tax on sth. 對某事物征收重稅，例句：為了促進(jìn)公民的健康有一些歐洲國家have imposed a high tax on junk food, 俗稱“肥胖稅”(fat tax)

　　例句：As well as physical activity, high tax penalties (n.處罰)could be imposed on high-fat food products, tobacco and alcohol.(劍9例句)

　　3. promote creativity / environmental awareness / healthy lifestyles /gender equality / cultural diversity / economic growth / sustainable development / healthy competition 促進(jìn)創(chuàng)造力/環(huán)境意識/健康的生活方式/性別平等/文化的多樣性/經(jīng)濟(jì)增長/可持續(xù)發(fā)展/良性的競爭 例句：(i) Although the city has invested millions of pounds in museums and art galleries (美術(shù)館，

　　畫廊)，it has done little to promote the development of healthcare services.

　　(ii) Healthy life balance and exercise are strongly promoted by the NHS(英國的國家醫(yī)療服務(wù)體系).(劍9例句)

　　詳解：【相關(guān)】stimulate creativity / imagination / economic growth 激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力 / 激發(fā)想象力 /

　　刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展

　　【反義】hinder the development of …阻礙某事物的發(fā)展 【反義】is / are counterproductive 對達(dá)成目標(biāo)具有阻礙作用

　　4. enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of …提高某事物的效率和效用(如果只是需要討論效率或者只是需要討論效用，則可以從efficiency 和effectiveness 里選擇對應(yīng)的一個(gè)) 例句：The main question about distance education is whether it enhances the efficiency and the effectiveness of learning.

　　例句：Others think that the true function of a university should be to give access to knowledge for its own sake, regardless of whether the course is useful to an employer.(劍橋例句)

　　【反義】deny ab. access to something 讓某人無法獲取或使用某種資源

　　6.enrich someone’s learning(or work / cultural / artistic / life)experience 豐富某人的學(xué)習(xí)(或者工作的 / 文化的/ 藝術(shù)的/ 生活的)體驗(yàn)

　　例句：Working for a period before going to university can enrich their life experience and make them more independent.

　　詳解：【相關(guān)】improve their social skills 提高他們的社會交往能力

　　【相關(guān)】gain practical experience 獲得實(shí)踐的經(jīng)驗(yàn)

　　7. is / are responsible for something (or doing something )有去從事某事的責(zé)任或者應(yīng)對某事負(fù)責(zé)

　　例句: (i) Parents are responsible for teaching their children right from wrong (教他們的孩子分辨是非)

　　(ii) Poor student behavior seems to be an increasingly widespread problem and I think that modern lifestyles are responsible for this. (劍橋例句)

　　詳解：【反義】be exempt from doing sth. 被免除某種責(zé)任，比如You are exempt from taking IELTS. 不過當(dāng)然這是不可能的。

　　8. help sb. to release stress and tension 幫助某人(例如)students / workers / employees /us )釋放壓力和緊張情緒。

　　例句：The program is designed to help people to release stress and tension caused by work or lifestyle-related activities.

　　詳解：【相關(guān)】leisure time 休閑時(shí)間

　　例句：Today’s sedentary lifestyle(缺乏運(yùn)動的生活方式)and stressful working conditions mean that physical activity is no longer part of either our work or our leisure time.(劍9例句) 【相關(guān)】leisure activities休閑活動

　　【反義】increase(或者raise)their stress levels 導(dǎo)致他們/她們的壓力變得更大

　　9.is / are both educational and entertaining 既具有教育性又具有娛樂性，寓教于樂的 例句：Many museums offer a wide range of (廣泛的)activities that are both educational and entertaining.

　　詞，而是作及物動詞，指降低某事物的發(fā)生率)

　　例句：It could also possibly reduce the crime level in the high school age group.(劍9例句) 詳解：【相關(guān)】prevent crime 預(yù)防犯罪(動賓短語)

　　【相關(guān)】crime prevention 對犯罪的預(yù)防(名詞短語) 【相關(guān)】reform criminals 改造罪

　　二、倒退式(用來論證disadvantage消極的方面)

　　1. damage the environment (or someone’s health / someone’s self-confidence)破壞環(huán)境(或破壞

　　某人的健康/ 打擊某人的自信)

　　例句：A regular diet of fast food can damage children’s health. 詳解：【相關(guān)】is damaging to…對某事物有害

　　例句：Some people think having school experience at a young age may be damaging to a child’s development.(劍橋例句)

　　【區(qū)分】國內(nèi)同學(xué)們在IELTS作文里經(jīng)常混淆damage 和destroy 這兩個(gè)詞，其實(shí)它們的區(qū)別很明確：damage sth. 是常規(guī)意義上的破壞，如果及時(shí)采取措施就仍然有可能去改變或者減輕這種破壞所帶來的影響。而destroy sth. 則強(qiáng)烈地暗示該破壞已經(jīng)到了beyond repair 的程度，無法再減輕或者修復(fù)了。比如說某種情況damage air quality ，它也許會導(dǎo)致PM2.5數(shù)值較高。但如果說某種情況destroy air quality，基本就要戴販毒面具才能出門兒了。又比如你看到報(bào)紙上報(bào)導(dǎo)一座歷史建筑被damaged，那么你可能會在這棟建筑里找到“×××到此一游”之類的不雅留言或者在墻上找到一些cracks(裂縫)，但是如果你看到新聞里說一棟歷史建筑被destroyed，那么你就只能通過照片區(qū)永久地懷念它了(拆毀建筑還有個(gè)特定寫法叫demolish a building，咱們在Day3里已經(jīng)學(xué)過了)。

　　2. cause anxiety (or stress / misunderstanding / resentment / climate change / traffic accidents /

　　safety concerns) 導(dǎo)致焦慮(或者壓力/ 誤解/ 怨恨/ 氣候變化/ 交通事故/ 關(guān)于安全的擔(dān)憂)

　　例句：Many scientists believe that global warming is mainly caused by greenhouse gas emissions (名詞短語，對于溫室效應(yīng)氣體的排放)from energy production，transport，industry and agriculture.

　　詳解：【相關(guān)】result in …導(dǎo)致某種結(jié)果(動詞短語) 【對比】prevent sth. 防止某事物的發(fā)生

　　【對比】prevent sb. from doing sth. 防止某人做某事

　　例句：Any kind of spare time charity work will prevent them from sitting and doing nothing.(劍9例句)

　　3. face fierce competition面對激烈的競爭(這個(gè)短語里的face 是及物動詞，如果非要寫得

　　更難則是be confronted with fierce competition)

　　例句：Fierce competition between companies means that consumers are better informed about the environmental impact of the products that they buy.

　　詳解：【相關(guān)】…is increasingly competitive. (某一領(lǐng)域)競爭越來越激烈 【對比】depend on co-operation and communication要依靠合作與交流

　　4. lack practical experience (or social skills / motivation / team spirit / a sense of community

　　/funding /equal opportunities)缺乏實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)(或者社會交往技能/ 動力/ 團(tuán)隊(duì)精神/ 社區(qū)感/ 資助/ 平等的機(jī)會)，請注意在這些短語里lack 都是作及物動詞

　　例句：Some employees lack the social skills needed to co-operate with their co-workers.(請注意這句話里lack the social skills 后面使用了過去分詞短語作為后置定語，修飾social skills) 詳解：【注意】lack 作動詞時(shí)它的后面直接跟賓語，它和賓語之間不要使用任何介詞;而當(dāng)

　　lack 作名詞時(shí)它和賓語之間則通常都要使用介詞of。

　　例句：Those who believe teenagers are the happiest people cite their lack of

　　responsibilities as a significant factor.(劍9例句)

　　【反義】possess the skills needed to do sth. 擁有從事某種任務(wù)的技能

　　例句：Many school are eager to hire employees who possess the organizational skills

　　needed to complete the duties associated with teaching.

　　5. restrict someone’s creativity / someone’s imagination / someone’s freedom / the development

　　of something 限制創(chuàng)造力(或者想象力/ 某人的自由/ 某事物的發(fā)展)

　　例句：They argue that school uniforms (校服)restrict students’ creativity and freedom of choice. 詳解：【反義】encourage creativity鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)造力的發(fā)展 【反義】offer sb. greater freedom 給某人更大的自由 【反義】promote the development of…促進(jìn)某種事物的發(fā)展 【比較】satisfy sb’s curiosity 滿足……的好奇心

　　6. find something frustrating 對某事物產(chǎn)生挫折感，感到很泄氣

　　例句：Students will not commit themselves to learning if they find their school experience frustrating.

　　詳解：【反義】find sth. stimulating 感到某事物很能激發(fā)自己的興趣 【反義】find sth. motivating 感到某事物能夠給人動力 【反義】find sth rewarding 感到某事物很有回報(bào)

　　【語法】這四個(gè)短語里sth. 后面的形容詞都是作賓補(bǔ)，參見p.80，請記住find sth. +

　　形容詞這個(gè)有用的結(jié)構(gòu)。You’ll find it very helpful.

　　例句：(i) Many people find their rewards unfair, especially when comparing these super

　　salaries with those of top surgeons or research scientists.(劍橋金句)

　　(ii)Young adults may end up never returning to their studies or finding it difficult to

　　readopt to readopt to (重新去適應(yīng)) an academic environment.(劍橋例句)

　　7. is / are treated unfairly 受到不公正的對待

　　例句：Employment discrimination occurs when job applicants and employees are treated unfairly based on their race, gender or age.

　　詳解：【反義】is / are treated fairly and with respect 被平等對待并且得到尊重(請注意不要漏

　　掉介詞with)

　　【反義】have equal opportunities 擁有平等的機(jī)會

　　8. widen the gap between the rich and the poor 加大貧富差距(地道英文里也經(jīng)常簡單地寫成

　　widen the gap between rich and poor )

　　例句：The range of technology available to individuals is widening the gap between the rich and the poor rather than narrowing it (請注意narrow 在這里是作及物動詞)

　　詳解：【同類】widen the gap between rich countries and poor countries加大富國與窮國之間的

　　差距

　　【反義】narrow the gap between rich and poor 縮小貧富差距

　　9. lead (or follow ) an unhealthy (或者sedentary / extravagant ) lifestyle 過不健康(或缺乏運(yùn)

　　動的/ 奢華的)的生活方式

　　例句：(i) People who lead an unhealthy lifestyle are at increased risk of (有更大的風(fēng)

　　險(xiǎn))developing heart disease， hypertension(高血壓)and diabetes(糖尿病).

　　(ii)Today’s sedentary lifestyle and stressful working conditions mean that physical activity

　　is no longer part of either our work or our leisure time(休閑時(shí)間).(劍9例句)

　　詳解：【相關(guān)】damage someone’s health 破壞人們的健康

　　例句：A regular diet of fast food can seriously damage children’s health. 【相關(guān)】have an unhealthy diet 保持不健康的飲食結(jié)構(gòu)

　　【對比】have a healthy and balanced diet保持健康均衡的飲食結(jié)構(gòu) 【對比】exercise regularly經(jīng)常進(jìn)行鍛煉(動詞短語) 【對比】 limit TV viewing 控制看電視的時(shí)間(動賓短語)

　　10. reduce face-to-face communication(the Internet 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，social networking websites 社交

　　網(wǎng)站，mobile phones 手機(jī)等)減少面對面的交流

　　例句：Internet use reduces face-to-face communication with friends and family, as well as time spent outside the home.

　　詳解：【相關(guān)】discourage real interaction 抑制真正意義上的溝通(動賓短語) 【相關(guān)】cause social isolation 導(dǎo)致脫離社會的生活方式(動賓短語)

　　【對比】allow users to share interests, ideas and activities 讓用戶可以分享興趣愛好、想

　　法與活動

　　11. glorify violence 美化暴力(及物動詞glorify的后面通常跟暴力、犯罪、反社會行為等，

　　常用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)、電子游戲或媒體類話題)

　　例句：Frequent exposure to films and video games that glorify violence encourages children to behave aggressively(有攻擊性地).

　　詳解：【近義】glorify crime and anti-social behavior (主語是電影、電視節(jié)目、電子游戲等)

　　美化犯罪和反社會行為

　　【相關(guān)】is / are addicted to violent games 對暴力的游戲上癮(名詞短語Internet addiction

　　和video game addiction 則是分別指網(wǎng)癮和電玩癮)

　　【相關(guān)】be exposed to violence or sexual images (主語是人物)接觸到暴力或者色情畫

　　面

　　【反義】control violent content in entertainment media(主語是政府)控制娛樂媒體中的

　　暴力內(nèi)容

　　12. violate the law / sb.’s rights / sb.’s privacy 違反法律/ 侵犯某人的權(quán)利/ 侵犯某人的隱私 例句：They argue that community service (社區(qū)服務(wù))is not a sufficient (充分的)punishment for people who violate the law. 詳解：【近義】break the law 違反法律

　　【相關(guān)】commit a crime犯罪(務(wù)必注意當(dāng)commit表示“犯”的含義時(shí)它是一個(gè)及物

　　動詞，而不是名詞或者不及物動詞，無數(shù)同學(xué)都在作文里用錯(cuò)了這個(gè)看似沒有任何挑戰(zhàn)性的“小詞”)

　　【相關(guān)】be sent to prison 被送入監(jiān)獄 【相關(guān)】be released from prison 被從監(jiān)獄釋放 【相關(guān)】are likely to re-offend 很可能會重犯 【相關(guān)】reform criminals改造罪犯(動賓短語)

　　三、中間式(用于論證中立事的觀點(diǎn))

　　1.support/oppose....on the grounds that....

　　以什么理由支持或反對某事

　　2.With the development of....， vast changes awaits this country's society. History is filled with the examples of....

　　隨著什么的發(fā)展，這個(gè)國家發(fā)生了很大的變化。歷史上有很多....的例子。

　　3.The story is not rare (isolated / unique)， it is one of many examples. As is shown in the table released by the government, it can be learned that… There is (no) good evidence to… We must admit the undeniable fact that… No one can deny (brush aside) the fact that… Experience (Evidence) suggests that… The same is true of… As the saying goes,....

　　4.The change in…mainly results from … The increase in…is due to the fact that… Many people would claim that…

　　....的變化主要是由....造成的，....的增長造成了....的事實(shí)，很多人宣稱....

　　5.One of the reasons given for…is that… What is also worth noticing is that…

　　....其中的一個(gè)原因是....，但....也值得關(guān)注

　　6.There are a variety of reasons for this dramatic growth in… First, … Second, … Finally, …

　　造成....戲劇性增長各種各樣，第一....，第二....，最后....

　　8.There is no evidence to suggest that…

　　沒有證據(jù)表明……

　　9.Why are (is / do / did)…? For one thing, … For another, …

　　為什么…?一方面…，另一方面…

　　10.There are numerous reasons why…， and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones.

　　為什么…有很多原因，我主要講幾個(gè)重要的因素。

　　11.It will exert remarkable effect on…

　　這將對…產(chǎn)生顯著的作用

　　12.A multitude of factors could account for (contribute to) the change in…

　　許多因素可以解釋(有助于)的變化…

　　以上就是要跟大家分享的關(guān)于雅思寫作的三種句式，希望大家熟練掌握，作文能夠得以提升!