高一英語必修一課文和翻譯
英語學(xué)習(xí)方法很多，在我學(xué)習(xí)英語回歸課本也是很重要的，特別是對(duì)于基礎(chǔ)差的同學(xué)。今天小編在這給大家整理了高一英語必修一課文和翻譯，接下來隨著小編一起來看看吧!
高一英語必修一課文和翻譯
Unit1
Anne’s Best Friend Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so she made her diary her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War Ⅱ. Her family was Jewish so nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, ”I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15th June, 1944 Dear Kitty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. That’s changed since I was here. …For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by my self. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window bad to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face… …Sadly …I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer because nature is one thing that really must be experienced. Yours, Anne
第一單元 友誼Reading 安妮最好的
朋友 你是不是想有一位無話不談能推心置腹的朋友呢?或者你是不是擔(dān)心你的朋友會(huì)嘲笑你，會(huì)不理解你目前的困境呢?安妮·弗蘭克想要的是第一種類型的朋友，于是她就把
日記當(dāng)成了她最好的朋友。 安妮在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間住在荷蘭的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是猶太人，所以他們不得不躲藏起來，否則他們就會(huì)被德國納粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了兩年之后才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。在這段時(shí)間里，她唯一的忠實(shí)朋友就是她的日記了。她說，“我不愿像大多數(shù)人那樣在日記中記流水賬。我要把這本日記當(dāng)作我的朋友，我要把我這個(gè)朋友稱作基蒂”。安妮自從1942年7月起就躲藏在那兒了，現(xiàn)在，來看看她的
心情吧。 親愛的基蒂： 我不知道這是不是因?yàn)槲议L久無法出門的緣故，我變得對(duì)一切與大自然有關(guān)的事物都無比狂熱。我記得非常清楚，以前，湛藍(lán)的天空、鳥兒的歌唱、月光和鮮花，從未令我心迷神往過。自從我來到這里，這一切都變了。 ??比方說，有天晚上天氣很暖和，我熬到11點(diǎn)半故意不睡覺，為的是獨(dú)自好好看看月亮。但是因?yàn)樵鹿馓亮?，我不敢打開窗戶。還有一次，就在五個(gè)月以前的一個(gè)晚上，我碰巧在樓上，窗戶是開著的。我一直等到非關(guān)窗不可的時(shí)候才下樓去。漆黑的夜晚，風(fēng)吹雨打，雷電交加，我全然被這種力量鎮(zhèn)住了。這是我一年半以來第一次目睹夜晚?? ??令人傷心的是??我只能透過臟兮兮的窗簾觀看大自然，窗簾懸掛在沾滿灰塵的窗前，但觀看這些已經(jīng)不再是樂趣，因?yàn)榇笞匀皇悄惚仨氂H身體驗(yàn)的。 Using Language Reading, listening and writing 親愛的王小姐： 我同班上的同學(xué)有件麻煩事。我跟我們班里的一位男同學(xué)一直相處很好，我們常常一起做家庭作業(yè)，而且很樂意相互幫助。我們成了非常好的朋友?？墒牵渌瑢W(xué)卻開始在背后議論起來，他們說我和這位男同學(xué)在談戀愛，這使我很生氣。我不想中斷這段友誼，但是我又討厭人家背后說閑話。我該怎么辦呢? Reading and writing 尊敬的編輯： 我是蘇州高中的一名
學(xué)生。我有一個(gè)難題，我不太善于同人們交際。雖然我的確試著去跟班上的同學(xué)交談，但是我還是發(fā)現(xiàn)很難跟他們成為好朋友。因此，有時(shí)候我感到十分孤獨(dú)。我確實(shí)想改變這種現(xiàn)狀，但是我卻不知道該怎么辦。如果您能給我提些建議，我會(huì)非常感激的。
Unit2
the Road to Modern English At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English. Nearly all of them lived in England. Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world, and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries. Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. Look at this example: British Betty: Would you like to see my flat? American Amy: Yes. I’d like to come up to you apartment. So why has English changed over time? Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. At fist the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today. It was base more on German than the English we speak at present. Then gradually between about AD 500 and 1150, English became less like German because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary. So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. In 1620 some British settlers moved to America. Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia to. English began to be spoken in both countries. Finally by the 19th century the language was settled. At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English language. The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling. English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. During that time English became the language for government and education. English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa. Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly. In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners. Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.
第二單元 世界上的
英語 Reading 通向現(xiàn)代英語之路 16世紀(jì)末期大約有5百萬到7百萬人說英語，幾乎所有這些人都
生活在英國。后來，在17世紀(jì)英國人開始航海征服了世界其它地區(qū)。于是，許多別的國家開始說英語了。如今說英語的人比以往任何時(shí)候都多，他們有的是作為第一語言來說，有的是作為第二語言或外語。 以英語作為母語的人，即使他們所講的語言不盡相同，也可以互相交流。請(qǐng)看以下例子： 英國人貝蒂：“請(qǐng)到我的公寓(flat)里來看看，好嗎?” 美國人艾米：“好的。我很樂意到你的公寓(apartment)去。” 那么，英語在一段時(shí)間里為什么會(huì)起變化呢?事實(shí)上，當(dāng)不同文化互相交流滲透時(shí)，所有的語言都會(huì)有所發(fā)展，有所變化。首先，在公元450年到1150年間，人們所說的英語跟今天所說的英語就很不一樣。當(dāng)時(shí)的英語更多地是以德語為基礎(chǔ)的，而現(xiàn)代英語不是。然后，漸漸地，大約在公元800年到1150年期間，英語不那么像德語了。因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)的英國的統(tǒng)治者起初講丹麥語后來講法語。這些新的定居者大大豐富了英語語言，特別是在詞匯方面。所以到17世紀(jì)，莎士比亞所用的詞匯量比以前任何時(shí)期都大。在1620年，一些英國人搬遷到美洲定居。后來，到了19世紀(jì)，有些英國人也被送往澳大利亞，兩個(gè)國家的人都開始說英語了。 最后，到20世紀(jì)，英語才真正定形。那時(shí)，英語在拼寫上發(fā)生了兩大變化：首先，塞繆爾·約翰遜編寫了詞典，后來，諾厄·韋伯斯特編纂了《美國英語詞典》，后者體現(xiàn)了美國英語拼寫的不同特色。 現(xiàn)在，英語在南亞也被當(dāng)作外語或第二語言來說。比如說，印度擁有眾多講英語很流利的人，這是因?yàn)橛?765年到1947年統(tǒng)治過印度。在那期間，英語成了官方語言和
教育用語。在新加坡、馬來西亞和非洲其它國家，比如南非，人們也說英語。目前在
中國學(xué)習(xí)英語的人數(shù)正在迅速增長。事實(shí)上，中國可能擁有世界上最多的英語學(xué)習(xí)者。中國英語會(huì)發(fā)展出自己的特色嗎?這只能由時(shí)間來回答了。 Using Language 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語和方言 什么是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語?是在英國、美國、加拿大、澳大利亞、印度、新西蘭所說的英語嗎?信不信由你，(世界上)沒有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語。許多人認(rèn)為，電視和收音機(jī)里所說的就是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語，這是因?yàn)樵谠缙诘碾娕_(tái)節(jié)目里，人們期望新聞播音員所說的英語是最好的英語。然而，在電視和收音機(jī)里，你也會(huì)聽出人們?cè)谡f話時(shí)的差異。 當(dāng)人們用不同于“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語言”的詞語時(shí)，那就叫做方言。美國英語有許多方言，特別是中西部和南部地區(qū)的方言，以及黑人和西班牙人的方言。在美國有些地區(qū)，即使是相鄰城鎮(zhèn)的兩個(gè)人所說的語言都可能稍有不同。美國英語之所以有這么多的方言是因?yàn)槊绹耸莵碜允澜绺鞯氐木壒省?地理位置對(duì)方言的產(chǎn)生也有影響。住在美國東部山區(qū)的一些人說著比較古老的英語方言。當(dāng)美國人從一個(gè)地方搬到另一個(gè)地方時(shí)，他們也就把他們的方言隨著帶去了。因此，美國東南部山區(qū)的人同美國西北部的人所說的方言就幾乎相同。美國是一個(gè)使用多種方言的大國。雖然許多美國人經(jīng)常搬遷，但是他們?nèi)匀荒軌虮鎰e、理解彼此的方言。
Unit3
Journey Down the Mekong My name is Wang Kun. Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip. Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one. Last year, she visited our cousins, Dao Wei and Yu Hang at their college if Kunming. They are Dai and grew up in western Yunnan Province near the Lancang River, the Chinese part of the river that is called the Mekong River in other countries. Wang Wei soon got time interested in cycling too. After graduating from college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip. I asked my sister, “Where are we going?” It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. Now she is planning our schedule for the trip. I am fond of my sister but she has one serious shortcoming. She can be really stubborn. Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly. Now I know that the proper way is always her way. I kept asking her, “When are we leaving and when are we coming back?” I asked her whether she had looked at a map yet. Of course she hadn’t; my sister doesn’t care about details. So I told her that the source of the Mekong is in Qinghai Province. She gave me a determined look -- the kind that said she would not change her mind. When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5,000 meters, she seemed to be excited about it. When I told her the air would be hard to breathe and it would be very cold, she said it would be an interesting experience. I know my sister well. Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it. Finally, I had to give in. Several months before our trip, Wang Wei and I went to the library. We found a large atlas with good maps that showed details of world geography. From the atlas we could see that the Mekong River begins in a glacier to move quickly. It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, traveling across western Yunnan Province. Sometimes the river becomes a water fall and enters wide valleys. We were both surprised to learn that half of the river is in China. After it leaves China and high altitude, the Mekong becomes wide, brown and warm. As it enters Southeast Asia, its pace slows. It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows. At last, the river delta enters the South China Sea.
第三單元
游記Reading 沿湄公河而下的旅程 第一部分夢(mèng)想與計(jì)劃 我的名字叫王坤。從高中起，我姐姐王薇和我就一直夢(mèng)想作一次偉大的自行車
旅行。兩年前，她買了一輛昂貴的山地自行車，然后還說服我買了一輛(山地車)。去年她去看望了我們的表兄弟——在昆明讀大學(xué)的刀衛(wèi)和宇航。他們是傣族人，在云南省西部靠近瀾滄江的地方長大，湄公河在中國境內(nèi)的這一段叫瀾滄江，在其他國家(境內(nèi))叫湄公河。很快，王薇使表兄弟也對(duì)騎車
旅游產(chǎn)生了興趣。大學(xué)畢業(yè)以后，我們終于有了機(jī)會(huì)騎自行車旅行。我問我姐姐：“我們要去哪兒?”首先想到要沿湄公河從源頭到終點(diǎn)騎車旅游的是我的姐姐?，F(xiàn)在她正在為我們的旅行制定計(jì)劃。 我很喜歡我姐姐，但是她有一個(gè)很嚴(yán)重的缺點(diǎn)。她有時(shí)確實(shí)很固執(zhí)。盡管她對(duì)去某些地方的最佳路線并不清楚，她卻堅(jiān)持要自己把這次旅游安排得盡善盡美。于是，我就知道這個(gè)盡善盡美的方式總是她的方式。我不停地問她，“我們什么時(shí)候出發(fā)?什么時(shí)候回來?”我還問她是否看過地圖。當(dāng)然她并沒有看過——我的姐姐是不會(huì)考慮細(xì)節(jié)的。于是，我告訴她，湄公河的源頭在青海省。她給了我一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的眼神——這種眼神表明她是不會(huì)改變主意的。我說，我們的旅行將從5, 000多米的高地出發(fā)，這時(shí)她似乎顯得很興奮。當(dāng)我告訴她那里空氣稀薄，呼吸困難，而且天氣很冷時(shí)，她卻說這將是一次有趣的經(jīng)歷。我非常了解我的姐姐，她一旦下了決心，什么也不能使她改變。最后，我只好讓步了。 在我們旅行前的幾個(gè)月，王薇和我去了圖書館。我們找到一本大型地圖冊(cè)，里面有一些世界地理的明細(xì)圖。我們從圖上可以看到，湄公河發(fā)源于西藏一座山上的冰川。起初，江面很小，河水清澈而冷冽，然后它開始快速流動(dòng)。它穿過深谷時(shí)就變成了急流，流經(jīng)云南西部。有時(shí)，這條江形成瀑布，進(jìn)入寬闊的峽谷。我們倆驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)這條河有一半是在中國境內(nèi)。當(dāng)流出中國，流出高地之后，湄公河就變寬了，變暖了，河水也變成了黃褐色。而當(dāng)它進(jìn)入東南亞以后，流速減緩，河水蜿蜒緩慢地穿過低谷，流向生長稻谷的平原。最后，湄公河三角洲的各支流流入中國南海。 Using Language 夜晚的西藏山景 第二部分山中一宿 雖然是秋天，但是西藏已經(jīng)開始下雪了。我們的腿又沉又冷，感覺就像大冰塊。你看到過雪人騎自行車嗎?我們看上去就像那樣。一路上，一些身著羊毛大衣的
孩子們停下來看著我們。下午晚些時(shí)候，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)由于天冷我們的水壺都凍上了。然而，湖水在落日的余暉下閃亮如鏡，景色迷人。像往常一樣，王薇在我的前面，她很可靠，我知道我用不著給她鼓勁兒。上山很艱難，但是當(dāng)我們環(huán)顧四周，(眼前的)景色讓我們感到驚奇，我們似乎能看到幾百里以外的地方。在某個(gè)時(shí)刻，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己置身高處，彷佛騎車穿越云層。然后我們開始下山，這非常有趣，特別是天氣逐漸變得暖和多了。在山谷里，五彩斑斕的蝴蝶翩翩飛舞在我們身旁，我們還看到牦牛和羊群在吃草。這時(shí)，我們不得不把帽子、外衣、手套和長褲脫掉，換成T恤衫和短褲。 一到傍晚，我們通常就停下來宿營，(于是)，我們先把帳篷支起來，然后吃飯。晚飯后，王薇把頭放在枕頭上就睡覺了，而我卻醒著。半夜里，天空變得清朗了，星星更亮了。(夜晚)非常安靜——幾乎沒有風(fēng)，只有篝火的火焰和我們做伴。當(dāng)我躺在星空下，我想著我們已經(jīng)走了多遠(yuǎn)。 我們很快就要到達(dá)云南的大理。在那里，我們的表兄弟刀衛(wèi)和宇航將加入我們的行列。我們迫不及待地想要見到他們!
Unit4
A Night the Earth didn’t Sleep Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeast Hebei. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell. Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in them. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. At about 3:00 am on July 28, 1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could be heard outside the city of Tangshan even when no planes were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual the night. At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end! Eleven kilometers directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. The suffering of the people was extreme. Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. Thousands of families were killed of injured reached more than 400,000. But how could the survivors believe it was natural? Everywhere they looked nearly every thing was destroyed. All of the city’s hospitals, 75% of its factories and buildings and 90% of its homes were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves. No wind, however, could blow them away. Two dams fell and most of the bridges also fell or were not safe for traveling. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel. Tens of thousands of cows would never give milk again. Half a million pigs and millions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were shocked. Then, later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. More buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. All hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers of thousands of people were helped. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. To the north of the city, most of the 10,000 miners were rescued from the coal mines there. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Fresh water was taken to the city by train, truck and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.
第四單元
地震 Reading 地球的一個(gè)不眠之夜 河北省東北部的農(nóng)村不斷有些怪事發(fā)生：三天來，村子里的井水升升降降，起起伏伏。農(nóng)夫注意到，水井的井壁上有深深的裂縫，裂縫里冒出臭氣。農(nóng)家大院里的雞,甚至豬都緊張得不想吃食。老鼠從田地里跑出來找地方藏身。魚缸和池塘里的魚會(huì)往外跳。在1976年7月28日凌晨3點(diǎn)左右，有些人看到天上一道道明亮的光。即使天空沒有飛機(jī)，在唐山城外也可以聽到飛機(jī)聲。在市內(nèi)，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂開來。但是，唐山市的一百萬居民幾乎都沒有把這些情況當(dāng)一回事，當(dāng)天晚上照常睡著了。 在凌晨3點(diǎn)42分，一切都開始搖晃起來。世界似乎到了末日!二十世紀(jì)最大的一次地震就在唐山市正下方11公里處發(fā)生了。100公里以外的
北京市都感到了地震，全國1 / 3的地方都有震感。一條8公里長30米寬的巨大裂縫橫穿房舍、馬路和渠道。地上一些洞穴冒出了蒸氣。石頭山變成了泥沙河，在可怕的15秒鐘內(nèi)，一座大城市就沉淪在一片廢墟之中。人們?cè)馐艿臑?zāi)難極為深重。2/3的人在地震中死去或受傷。成千上萬個(gè)家庭遇難，許多孩子變成了孤兒。死傷的人數(shù)達(dá)到40多萬。 幸存的人們又怎么能相信這是自然現(xiàn)象呢?人們無論朝哪里看，哪里的一切都幾乎被毀了。所有的市內(nèi)醫(yī)院、75%的工廠和建筑物、90%的家園都消失了。殘磚就像秋天的紅葉覆蓋著大地，然而它們是不可能被風(fēng)刮走的。兩座大壩垮了，多數(shù)橋梁不是塌了就是無法安全通行了。鐵軌如今成了一條條廢鋼。好幾萬頭牛再也擠不出奶來。50萬頭豬和幾百萬只雞全都死了。井里滿是沙子，而不是水。人們驚呆了。接著，在下午晚些時(shí)候，又一次和第一次一樣的強(qiáng)烈的地震震撼著唐山。有些醫(yī)生和救援人員被困在廢墟下面。更多的房屋倒塌了。水、電和食物都很難弄到。人們開始納悶，這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難還會(huì)持續(xù)多久。 不是所有的希望都破滅了。地震后不久，部隊(duì)派了15萬名戰(zhàn)士到唐山來協(xié)助救援人員，數(shù)十萬的人得到了救助。部隊(duì)人員組成小分隊(duì)，將受困的人們挖出來，將死者掩埋。在唐山市的北邊，有一個(gè)萬名礦工的煤礦，其中多數(shù)人得救了。援救人員為那些家園被毀的幸存者蓋起了避難所，用火車、卡車和飛機(jī)向市內(nèi)運(yùn)來了水。慢慢地、慢慢地，這座城市又開始出現(xiàn)了生機(jī)。 Reading and speaking 唐山市政府辦公室 親愛的______________： 恭喜你!我們很高興地告訴你，你在以新唐山為主題的中學(xué)演講比賽中獲得第一名。評(píng)委會(huì)的五位評(píng)委聽了你的演講，他們都認(rèn)為你的演講是今年最好的。你的父母親和你的學(xué)校會(huì)為你而驕傲! 下個(gè)月我們市將開放一個(gè)新公園，以紀(jì)念在那次可怕的災(zāi)難中死去的人們，并向那些曾經(jīng)為幸存者提供過幫助的人們致敬。我們辦公室想請(qǐng)你在7月28日上午11點(diǎn)給來公園的參觀者進(jìn)行演講。你知道，三十()年前的這一天正是唐山發(fā)生地震的
日子。 在這個(gè)特殊的日子里，我們邀請(qǐng)你把家人和朋友一起帶來。 誠摯的 張沙
Unit5
Elias’ Story My name is Elias. I am a poor black worker in South Africa. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. I was twelve years old. It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. He offered guidance to poor black people on their legal problems. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. I needed his help because I had very little education. I began school at six. The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. I had to leave because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare. I could not read or write well. After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine. However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. Sadly I did not have it because I was not born there, and I worried about whether I would become out of work. The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest. He told me how to get the correct papers so I could stay in Johannesburg. I became more hopeful about my future. I never forgot how kind Mandela was. When he organized the ANC Youth League, I joined it as soon as I could. He said: “The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping out rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.” It was the truth. Black people could not vote or choose their leaders. They could not get the jobs they wanted. The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa. No one could grow food there. In fact as Nelson Mandela said: “…we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important or fight the government. We chose to attack the laws. We first broke the law in a way which was peaceful; when this was not allowed…only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.” As a matter of fact, I do not like violence… but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings. It was very dangerous because if I was caught I could be put in prison. But I was happy to help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.
第五單元 納爾遜·曼德拉 —— 一位當(dāng)代英雄 Reading 伊萊亞斯的
故事 我的名字叫伊萊亞斯。我是南非的一個(gè)窮苦的黑人工人。第一次見到納爾遜·曼德拉的時(shí)候，是我一生中非常艱難的時(shí)期。(當(dāng)時(shí))我才12歲，那是在1952年，曼德拉是我尋求幫助的一位黑人律師。他為那些窮苦黑人提供法律指導(dǎo)。他十分慷慨地給予我時(shí)間，我為此非常感激。 由于我所受的教育很少，所以我需要他的幫助。我六歲開始上學(xué)，我僅僅在那里讀了兩年的學(xué)校有三公里遠(yuǎn)。我不得不輟學(xué)，因?yàn)槲业募彝o法繼續(xù)支付學(xué)費(fèi)和交通費(fèi)。我既不太會(huì)讀，也不怎么會(huì)寫。幾經(jīng)周折，我才在一家金礦找到一份
工作。然而在那個(gè)時(shí)候，你要想住在約翰內(nèi)斯堡就非得要有身份證不可。糟糕的是我沒有這個(gè)證件，因?yàn)槲也皇窃谀抢锍錾?，我很?dān)心我是不是會(huì)失業(yè)。 納爾遜·曼德拉給予我?guī)椭哪且惶焓俏乙簧凶罡吲d的日子。他告訴我要想在約翰內(nèi)斯堡立住腳，應(yīng)當(dāng)如何獲取所需證件。我對(duì)自己的未來又充滿了希望。我永遠(yuǎn)也忘記不了他對(duì)我的恩情，當(dāng)他組織了非國大青年聯(lián)盟時(shí)，我馬上就參加了這個(gè)組織。他說：“過去30年來所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪我們的權(quán)利，阻擋我們的進(jìn)步，一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒有的階段?！?他說的是真話。當(dāng)時(shí)黑人沒有選舉權(quán)，他們無權(quán)選擇他們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。他們不能做自己想要做的工作。他們所能住的城區(qū)都是由白人決定的。他們被打發(fā)去住的城外地區(qū)是南非最貧窮的地區(qū)。在那兒，沒有人能夠種莊稼。事實(shí)上，就像拉爾遜·曼德拉所說的： “??我們被置于這樣一個(gè)境地：要么我們被迫接受低人一等的現(xiàn)實(shí)，要么跟政府作斗爭(zhēng)。我們選擇向法律進(jìn)攻。首先我們用和平的方式來破壞法律，而當(dāng)這種方式也得不到允許時(shí)，??只有到這個(gè)時(shí)候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力?！?事實(shí)上，我并不喜歡暴力，??但是在1963年的時(shí)候，我?guī)椭Я艘恍┱髽?。那是很危險(xiǎn)的事情，因?yàn)槿绻冶蛔プ×?，可能就?huì)被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。但是，我樂于幫忙，因?yàn)槲抑?，這是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的黑人和白人平等的夢(mèng)想。
高一學(xué)生英語零基礎(chǔ)應(yīng)該怎么學(xué)
1、預(yù)習(xí)和復(fù)習(xí)。對(duì)于高一學(xué)生來說，不管學(xué)習(xí)任何一門科目，預(yù)習(xí)和復(fù)習(xí)都是必須的。預(yù)習(xí)可以讓你了解到明天英語課堂要講什么知識(shí)，提高英語課堂聽課效率。課后復(fù)習(xí)可以讓你對(duì)英語課堂上講解的重點(diǎn)知識(shí)加以鞏固，加深自己的所學(xué)知識(shí)的記憶。
2、課堂筆記。對(duì)于高一學(xué)生來說，英語老師在課堂上講的每一個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)都是重點(diǎn)，所以要認(rèn)真的記錄課堂筆記。這樣一來可以加深記憶，二來可以作為以后復(fù)習(xí)的資料，當(dāng)然課堂筆記的記錄內(nèi)容，可以根據(jù)自身情況來定。
3、詞匯積累。高一學(xué)生想要學(xué)好英語，首先需要掌握足夠多的詞匯量，只有認(rèn)識(shí)了才能理解，理解好了才能應(yīng)用。所以在積累詞匯的同時(shí)還要注意詞匯的用法，這是高一學(xué)生需要注意的，因?yàn)榧词故峭粋€(gè)單詞，在特定的環(huán)境和語句中都可能會(huì)有不同的意思。
4、聽說讀寫。聽說讀寫是學(xué)習(xí)英語的基本要求，自然也是高一學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的重點(diǎn)。任何一門語言，聽的方面都是非常重要的，聽力是高考英語試卷 中的重要題型，但是聽的作用不僅僅是完成聽力題這么簡(jiǎn)單。在以后的生活中，想要和別人交流，就要先聽懂別人的話。
中國人學(xué)英語最大的問題，就是啞巴英語的現(xiàn)象非常嚴(yán)重，會(huì)寫會(huì)看不會(huì)讀。很多高一學(xué)生認(rèn)為，自己將來不會(huì)從事英語專業(yè) ，所以就不重視這方面，這完全是一種錯(cuò)誤的觀念。所以每天早上起來在家大聲的讀幾句英語吧，只要堅(jiān)持就是進(jìn)步。
讀是高中英語的一個(gè)重要部分。閱讀一直考察的是高中學(xué)生綜合能力，高一學(xué)生想要提高閱讀能力不是僅靠刷題就可以的。根據(jù)自身的情況每天做幾道閱讀題，做完后認(rèn)真對(duì)照答案，仔細(xì)思考解題思路。
高中生怎么學(xué)習(xí)英語
首先，你必須要買一本詞匯書，我說的就是那種小本本，一般上面會(huì)有三四千個(gè)詞匯，都是高考的時(shí)候必考的那種。不要在手機(jī)上記單詞，或者是借助任何的移動(dòng)設(shè)備，因?yàn)槟愀緹o法集中注意力。你可以選擇利用幾天直接記掉半本，我當(dāng)初就是利用端午節(jié)的三天記了半本詞匯書，效果驚人。如果你記了單詞，一定要每天看一看，別想著偷懶，可以利用上課的時(shí)間來記，是的，你沒有聽錯(cuò)。我的意思就是讓你不聽老師講課直接記單詞。下面我會(huì)講明原因。
2 我英語高考成績139，所以還算是有發(fā)言權(quán)。如果你初中或者高一沒有認(rèn)真上過英語課，那么高二高三就別聽課了，瘋狂的記單詞。你應(yīng)該可以看看你的英語試卷，上面分為三個(gè)板塊，一個(gè)是聽力，一個(gè)是閱讀，最后是你要?jiǎng)庸P寫的內(nèi)容【因?yàn)槌俗詈蟮陌鍓K基本都是選擇題，可以說不用動(dòng)筆的】而前兩個(gè)板塊和你的語法知識(shí)半毛錢關(guān)系沒有。別跟我說完型填空，里面真真正正考到短語和語法的只有兩三個(gè)空。一般只要看得懂，做題是很輕松的。你可能覺得后面的短文填空很難，我這么和你說吧，等你上了高三就會(huì)有一種感覺，試卷不管怎么出，有幾個(gè)考點(diǎn)是一定會(huì)出現(xiàn)的，比如說單復(fù)數(shù)，時(shí)態(tài)的變化，被動(dòng)語態(tài)等等。因?yàn)槲覀兪菓?yīng)試教育，所以出題人的范圍是被卡死了的。也不用擔(dān)心作文，只要在作文里使用三個(gè)高級(jí)的句型，書寫好看，詞數(shù)達(dá)標(biāo)，你的作文分?jǐn)?shù)不會(huì)下20分。高考閱卷就是這樣，很殘酷的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。自從上了高二，我再也沒聽過英語老師的課，只是在記單詞，事實(shí)證明，這是非常有效的。 具體方法就是把小本本打開，擋住漢字部分，直接解釋意思，不知道的就劃一根橫線，翻了一遍以后再翻第二遍，這一遍只需要看你劃過線的單詞，而這一遍的單詞肯定比上一遍少了。還是記不住的單詞就劃第二根線，就這么一直劃。我在高考臨近的那段時(shí)間，書都劃透了。。。
3作為一個(gè)中國人，你知道我們平常說話時(shí)的語法有多復(fù)雜嗎?但是我們根本沒有學(xué)習(xí)過語法的知識(shí)。學(xué)外語同樣如此，語法是人為規(guī)定的解釋語言現(xiàn)象的一種手段，但他并不是一種語言的根本所在。我要特別說明一下，如果你開始瘋狂的記單詞，那么就要認(rèn)真，要經(jīng)常的復(fù)習(xí)。上課的時(shí)間用上，下課再抽幾分鐘。我敢保證你的英語在高三的時(shí)候會(huì)學(xué)的非常輕松，不會(huì)占用你太多的時(shí)間去復(fù)習(xí)，可以將更多的精力投入其他的科目中。
我說語法不重要，不代表短語不重要，高頻短語必須記住。
具體的學(xué)習(xí)方法還是要自己總結(jié)，因人而異
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