高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空動(dòng)詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語(yǔ)法填空題與答案
高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空動(dòng)詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語(yǔ)法填空題與答案
動(dòng)詞是一類詞性,一般就是用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞匯。在英語(yǔ)中,動(dòng)詞按作用和功能主要分為兩大類,一類是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,另一類是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。小編在這里整理了相關(guān)資料,希望能幫助到您。
高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空動(dòng)詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)
動(dòng)詞概說(shuō)
1)動(dòng)詞(verb)是表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞。
a)表示動(dòng)作:swim游泳push推
b)表示狀態(tài):have有be是
2)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣等形式上的變化。
限定動(dòng)詞和非限定動(dòng)詞
從是否被主語(yǔ)所限定來(lái)分,動(dòng)詞有限定動(dòng)詞(finite verb)和非限定動(dòng)詞(nonfinite verb)兩大類。
1)限定動(dòng)詞 限定動(dòng)詞用作句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,并被主語(yǔ)所限定,有人稱和數(shù)的變化。如:
He is a tractor driver.他是一個(gè)拖拉機(jī)手。
Facts are more eloquent than words.事實(shí)勝于雄辯。
We have friends all over the world.我們的朋友遍天下。
An apple falls by the force of gravitation.地心吸力使蘋果落地。
2)非限定動(dòng)詞 非限定動(dòng)詞有動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞三種,在句子里都不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,故不被主語(yǔ)所限定,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。如:
I am pleased to meet you.我很高興與你相識(shí)。(動(dòng)詞不定式)
Smoking is harmful to the health.吸煙對(duì)身體有害。(動(dòng)名詞)
I heard them singing the Internationale。我聽見他們唱《國(guó)際歌》。(分詞)
Spoken words are often more powerful than writing.語(yǔ)言往往比文字更有力。(分詞)
實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞
從其含義來(lái)分,動(dòng)詞有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞(notional verb),連系動(dòng)詞(1ink verb),情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(modal verb)和助動(dòng)詞(auxiliary verb)四類。
1)實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有完全的詞義,并能獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。如:
The sun shone brightly this morning.今天早晨陽(yáng)光燦爛。
He likes to go for a long walk on sundays.他喜歡星期日出去作長(zhǎng)距離散步。
We have a big TV set in the club.我們俱樂部有臺(tái)大電視機(jī)。
2)連系動(dòng)詞 連系動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,后面跟表語(yǔ)。英語(yǔ)連系動(dòng)詞有be(是),seem(似乎),look(看來(lái)),keep(保持),become(變成),get(變得),grow(變得),feel(感到),turn(變得,變成),appear(顯得),remain(仍舊是)等。如:
It is never too late to mend.改過(guò)不嫌晚。
It was a close game.那場(chǎng)球賽比分很接近。
The children in this nursery look very healthy.這個(gè)托兒所的孩子看起來(lái)都非常健康。
Keep quiet,please!請(qǐng)安靜!,
The tape recorder seems all right.這臺(tái)錄音機(jī)好像沒有毛病。
Later he became a doctor.他后來(lái)成為一名醫(yī)生。
The problem remained unsolved until last year.問題到去年才解決。
[注一]下面句子中的come和go也是連系動(dòng)詞。如:
The old man's dream has come true.這位老人的夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。
Something has gone wrong with the truck.卡車出毛病了。
[注二]有些連系動(dòng)詞如seem, appear等后面常跟to be。如:
The new text seens to be easy,but actually it is rather difficult.這篇新課文好像很容易,其實(shí)相當(dāng)難。
She appears to be the girl's sister.她似乎是那女孩的姐姐。
3)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有can (能),may (可以,也許),must(必須)等及其過(guò)去式could,might等,表示能力、義務(wù)、必要、猜測(cè)等說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣或情態(tài)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
[注]關(guān)于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞詳見第十一章。
4)助動(dòng)詞 助動(dòng)詞有shall,will,have,be,should,wonld, do等。它們只能和主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣等動(dòng)詞形式,以及否定和疑問等結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞
從是否需要賓語(yǔ)來(lái)分,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又有及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞兩類。
1)及物動(dòng)詞 后面必須跟賓語(yǔ)意義才完整的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,叫做及物動(dòng)詞(transitive verb)。如:
I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委員會(huì)將會(huì)考慮我們的建議。
"How long can I keep the book ?"Harry asked.哈里問:"這本書我可以借多久?"
Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫給我們樹立了好榜樣。
Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有許多有用的物質(zhì)。
2)不及物動(dòng)詞 本身意義完整后面不須跟賓語(yǔ)的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,叫做不及物動(dòng)詞(intransitive verb)。如:
Birds fly.鳥會(huì)飛。
It happened in June 1932.這件事發(fā)生于一九三;年六月。
My watch stopped.我的表停了。
She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的會(huì)上發(fā)了言。
3)兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞 英語(yǔ)里有不少實(shí)義動(dòng)詞可以兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。這樣的動(dòng)詞又有兩種不同的情況:
a)兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),意義不變。試比較:
Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻開始嗎?(begin作不及物動(dòng)詞)
She began working as a librarian after she left school.她畢業(yè)后當(dāng)圖書館管理員。(began作及物動(dòng)詞)
When did they leave Chicago?他們是什么時(shí)候離開芝加哥的?(leave 作及物動(dòng)詞)
They left last week. 他們是上周離開的。(left 作不及物動(dòng)詞)
b)兼作及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),有時(shí)意義不盡相同。如:
Wash your hands before meals.飯前要洗手。
Does this cloth wash well? 這布經(jīng)得起洗嗎?
4) 與漢語(yǔ)的比較 有時(shí)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的及物和不及物的用法,與漢語(yǔ)的用法不一樣,請(qǐng)注意下列兩種情況:
a)有的動(dòng)詞在英語(yǔ)里只能用作不及物動(dòng)詞,而漢語(yǔ)則可用作及物動(dòng)詞,如arrive到達(dá),agree同意,1isten聽。英語(yǔ)里這些動(dòng)詞后面常接介詞。如:
We arrived at the railway station at noon.我們于中午到達(dá)火車站。(at不能省去)(比較:We reached the railway station at noon.)
Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每個(gè)人都很有興趣地聽講課。(to不可省去)(比較:We all heard the lecture.)
Do they agree to the plan?他們同意這個(gè)計(jì)劃嗎?(to不可省去)
b)有的動(dòng)詞在英語(yǔ)里能用作及物動(dòng)詞,而在漢語(yǔ)里則不能用作及物動(dòng)詞,如serve為…服務(wù)。
Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我們的兒童被教以全心全意為人民服務(wù)。
短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
動(dòng)詞常和某些其他詞類用在一起,構(gòu)成固定詞組,形成所謂短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(phrasal verb)。和動(dòng)詞一樣,短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可分為及物和不及物兩種。短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以作為一個(gè)整體看待,同一般動(dòng)詞一樣使用。
1)動(dòng)詞 + 介詞 這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作及物動(dòng)詞,后面須跟賓語(yǔ)。如:
The small boy insisted on going with his parents.那男孩堅(jiān)持要跟父母一起去。
Do you often listen to broadcasts in English? 你常聽英語(yǔ)廣播嗎?
Look at the children. Aren't they lovely?看著這些孩子們。他們多么可愛呀!
We stand for self-reliance.我們是主張自力更生的。
這一類的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還有很多,如depend on (upon)(依*),wait on (服侍),look for (尋找),deal with(對(duì)待),look after(照料),wait for(等待)等。
2) 動(dòng)詞+副詞 這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有的用作及物動(dòng)詞,有的用作不及物動(dòng)詞。如:
I always get up as soon as the bell rings. 我總是一打鈴就起床。(不及物)
Look out,there's a car coming! 當(dāng)心,來(lái)汽車了!(不及物)
Have you handed in your exercises already? 你已經(jīng)交練習(xí)了嗎?(及物)
Please don't forget to put on your coat;it's cold outside.請(qǐng)不要忘記穿外衣,外面很冷。(及物)
這一類的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還有很多,及物如 put out (撲滅), eat up (吃光),putdown(放下);不及物如set off (出發(fā)),come up(走近),go on(繼續(xù))。
[注一] "動(dòng)詞+副詞"這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和上面第一類"動(dòng)詞 + 介詞"的不同之處在于:"動(dòng)詞+ 介詞"用作及物動(dòng)詞,后面須跟賓語(yǔ)。"動(dòng)詞 + 副詞"則有的及物,有的不及物;用作及物動(dòng)詞而賓語(yǔ)為人稱代詞或自身代詞時(shí),副詞往往放在賓語(yǔ)之后。如:
Please wake me up at five tomorrow.請(qǐng)?jiān)诿魈煸缟衔妩c(diǎn)喚醒我。
If you have done your exercises,please hand them in.如果你們練習(xí)做完了請(qǐng)交來(lái)。
She doesn't normally behave like that;she's putting it on.她通常并不如此表現(xiàn),她是裝出來(lái)的。
[注二] 這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有不少可兼作及物和不及物動(dòng)詞用。如:
He took off his hat when he entered the office.
他進(jìn)辦公室后脫下帽子。(及物)
The plane took off at seven sharp.
飛機(jī)在七點(diǎn)整起飛。(不及物)
Charlie rang up Neil to ask about the time of the meeting.
查理打電話給尼爾問開會(huì)的時(shí)間。(及物)
If you can't come,please ring up and let us know.你如來(lái)不了,請(qǐng)來(lái)電話告訴我們一聲。(不及物)
3) 動(dòng)詞 + 副詞 + 介詞 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞"動(dòng)詞 + 副詞"之后有的可以再加一個(gè)介詞,形成另一種短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用作及物動(dòng)詞。如:
Do not give up hope. We must go on with the experiment
不要失望。我們必須繼續(xù)試驗(yàn)。(go on with繼續(xù))
He came up to me.他走到我跟前。(come up to走近)
這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還有:look down upon(看不起),do away with(去掉),put up with(忍受)等。
4)動(dòng)詞 + 名詞 + 介詞 這類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也是及物的。如
He shook hands with all the guests at the banquet.他在宴會(huì)上和賓客一一握手。
Young pioneers often come to the Children's Palace to take part in after=school activities. 少先隊(duì)員經(jīng)常到少年宮來(lái)參加課外活動(dòng)。
Pay attention to the temperature of the stored rice.注意倉(cāng)庫(kù)里的稻谷的溫度。
Her job is taking care of the babies.她的工作是照顧嬰兒。
這一類短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還有:put an end to (結(jié)束),take notice of (注意),catch hold of (抓住),lose sight of(看不見),make use of(利用)等
動(dòng)詞的基本形式(principal forms of the verb)
1) 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的四種基本形式 它們是動(dòng)詞原形(room form of the verb),過(guò)去式 (past tense form), 過(guò)去分詞 (past participle)和現(xiàn)在分詞 (present participle)。這四種形式和助動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣。
原形 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞
work worked worked working
write wrote written writing
have had had having
do did done doing
2) 動(dòng)詞原形 動(dòng)詞原形就是詞典中一般給的動(dòng)詞的形式,如be,have,do,work,study等。
3)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成有規(guī)則的和不規(guī)則的兩種。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(regular verb)的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞,由在原形后面加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成。
[注] 少數(shù)雙音節(jié)動(dòng)詞,盡管重音在第一個(gè)音節(jié),仍雙寫末尾的輔音字母,然后再加-ed。如:
5travel-traveled 5level-1evelled
5total-totaled 5model- modelled
但美國(guó)英語(yǔ)不雙寫輔音字母,如travel-traveled。
不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(irregular verb)的過(guò)去式及過(guò)去分詞的形式是不規(guī)則的。這些動(dòng)詞為數(shù)雖不多,但都是比較常用的,必須熟記。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表見本書附錄一。
4)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞 由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾-ing構(gòu)成。
其構(gòu)成方法如下:
a)一般情況下,直接加 -ing:
go-going 去 stand-standing站立
ask-asking answer - answering回答
study-studying學(xué)習(xí) be-being是
see-seeing看
[注一] 和名詞復(fù)數(shù)、動(dòng)詞第三人稱現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)加-s(-es)不同,動(dòng)詞末尾如為"輔音字母 + y"時(shí),y不變,其后直接加-ing。如studying [5stQdiiN],fly - flying [5flaiiN],carry-carrying [5kAriiN]。
[注二] 動(dòng)詞結(jié)尾為輔音字母r時(shí),加-ing,r在此必須發(fā)音。如:
enter [5entE] -entering [5entEriN]進(jìn)入
answer [5B:nsE]-answering[5B:nsEriN]回答
wear [wZE] - wearing [5wZeriN]穿
b)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,去掉e,再加-ing。如:
come-coming 來(lái) write-writing寫
take-taking拿 become-becoming變成
c)動(dòng)詞是閉音節(jié)的單音節(jié)詞,或是以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的多音節(jié)詞,而末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí),這個(gè)輔音字母須雙寫,然后再加-ing。如:
Sit-sitting坐 run-running跑
Stop-stopping 停止begin-beginning開始
admit-admitting 承認(rèn) forget-forgetting忘記
[注一] send,think,accept等動(dòng)詞雖是閉音節(jié)或以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,但末尾有一個(gè)以上的輔音字母,因此,這個(gè)輔音字母不雙寫,應(yīng)直接加 -ing。如:sending,thinking,accepting。
[注二] 少數(shù)雙音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞,重音在第一音節(jié),仍雙寫末尾的輔音字母,然后再加-ing。如:
5travel-traveling 5level-levelling
5total-totaling 5model-modelling
美國(guó)英語(yǔ)不雙寫輔音字母,如travel-traveling。
d)少數(shù)幾個(gè)以-ie止結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,須將ie變作y,再加ing。如:
die-dying死, tie-tying捆,縛,系
lie-lying躺,說(shuō)謊
[注]少數(shù)以-c結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^(guò)去式和現(xiàn)在分詞時(shí),須先將-c變?yōu)閏k,然后再加 -ed或-ing。如:
picnic picnicked picnicking
traffic trafficked trafficking
高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空題與答案
Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said 16 was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went, we had planned for months. When the day came, we were ready.
After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months__17____ (early), but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. We 18_____(tell)that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, 19_____ for the week after. I didn’t understand 20____ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged 21______ the reservation. What’s worse, the hotel had been fully booked. When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was 22_____(surprise)helpful. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on 23_____ top floor. We had never stayed in such an amazing room, and we weren’t charged extra.
The next day, my brother and I went to the beach 24____ we watched some people play volleyball. We got a little_____(sunburn),but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind.
【文章大意】本文為記敘文。作者為我們講述了一家人去邁阿密旅游時(shí)的一次經(jīng)歷。[語(yǔ)篇解讀] 本文為記敘文,題材為個(gè)人經(jīng)歷。講述了作者的一次旅游經(jīng)歷。雖然預(yù)訂房間出現(xiàn)了差錯(cuò),但問題得到了很好的解決,作者感到很滿意。
16.【考點(diǎn)】本題考查替代。【答案】it【解析】本空用it代替前面出現(xiàn)的邁阿密。
17.【考點(diǎn)】本題考查副詞比較級(jí)。【答案】earlier【解析】解此題關(guān)鍵在于本句中的had made可知,作者在到達(dá)邁阿密之前就提前六個(gè)月預(yù)定了房間。本句暗含比較,意思是“早在六個(gè)月前”。
18.【考點(diǎn)】本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。【答案】were told【解析】事情在過(guò)去發(fā)生,所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。我們應(yīng)該是由旅館那邊告知,所以使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);因?yàn)閿⑹龅氖沁^(guò)去發(fā)生的事情,we與tell之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以本句使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
19.【考點(diǎn)】本題考查副詞?!敬鸢浮縝ut【解析】這是考慮not…but…結(jié)構(gòu),意為“不是為那個(gè)星期訂的,而是為后一個(gè)星期所訂的”。not…but…不是……而是……。此處表示句意的轉(zhuǎn)折。
20.【考點(diǎn)】本題考查連詞?!敬鸢浮縣ow【解析】意為“我不知道怎么會(huì)發(fā)生這樣的事”,故用how??疾橘e語(yǔ)從句的連接詞。我不理解為什么會(huì)發(fā)生這樣的事。/我不理解這樣的事是如何發(fā)生的。
21.【考點(diǎn)】本題考查與動(dòng)詞搭配的介詞?!敬鸢浮縡or【解析】因charge…for…意為“收費(fèi)”,charge…for…為……收(費(fèi))。是習(xí)慣搭配。
22.【考點(diǎn)】本題考查副詞用法?!敬鸢浮縮urprisingly【解析】解此題關(guān)鍵在于本空后的helpful是一個(gè)形容詞,修飾形容詞應(yīng)該用副詞。
23.【考點(diǎn)】本題考查冠詞?!敬鸢浮縯he【解析】這里是特指頂層,所以用定冠詞。the top floor頂層。
24.【考點(diǎn)】本題考查定語(yǔ)從句。【答案】where【解析】本句中含有定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞是beach,where=on which=and on the beach=and there引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞the beach。因?yàn)橄刃性~是地點(diǎn)名詞,關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ),所以填where。
25.【考點(diǎn)】本題考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。【答案】sunburnt/sunburned【解析】get后接過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)。此處意為“被曬傷”。get sunburnt/sunburned曬傷。
高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空動(dòng)詞知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語(yǔ)法填空題與答案相關(guān)文章:
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