高二英語必修5知識點(diǎn)和語法總結(jié)
英語是一種西日耳曼語，在中世紀(jì)早期的英國最早被使用，并因其廣闊的殖民地而成為世界使用面積最廣的語言。下面給大家?guī)硪恍╆P(guān)于高二英語必修5知識點(diǎn)和語法總結(jié)，希望對大家有所幫助。
Unit 1:
1. put forward: 提出(計(jì)劃、建議等);將…提前;把鐘表撥快
e.g. He put forward a good plan for this project. 他為這項(xiàng)工程提出了一個好的方案。
The match has been put forward to 1:30. 比賽已經(jīng)提前到一點(diǎn)半舉行。
Put the clock forward by ten minutes. 把鐘表撥快十分鐘。
【詞語聯(lián)想】
? put away: 收起來;貯存，儲蓄
? put down: 放下;寫下，記下
? put off: 推遲;延期
? put on: 穿上;增加;上演(戲劇)e.g. put on weight: 增加了體重 put on a new play: 上演新戲劇
? put up: 張貼;撐開(帳篷)e.g. put up a poster put up a tent: 搭起帳篷
2. conclude: v. 作結(jié)論，斷定(conclusion: n. 結(jié)論)
e.g. The jury concluded that he was guilty. 陪審團(tuán)認(rèn)定他有罪。
【習(xí)慣用語】★ draw a conclusion 作出結(jié)論
3. defeat vt.打敗, 擊敗, 戰(zhàn)勝; 使(希望, 計(jì)劃等)失敗, 挫敗; 阻撓, 使無效
e.g. He finally conceded defeat. 他最終承認(rèn)了失敗。
◆ 區(qū)別: defeat, conquer, overcome
? defeat 指“贏得勝利”, 尤其指“軍事上的勝利”,e.g. defeat the enemy 打敗敵人。
? conquer指“征服”、”戰(zhàn)勝”,特別指“獲得對人、物或感情的控制”,e.g. conquer nature
? overcome指“戰(zhàn)勝”、“壓倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言, e.g. overcome difficulties
4. attend: v.
1) to be present at; go to (meeting, conference, lecture...) 出席;參加
e.g. He decided to attend the meeting himself. 他決定親自赴會。
2) to look after, care for, serve 照顧;看護(hù)。
e.g. Which doctor is attending to (on) you? 哪位醫(yī)生護(hù)理你?
3)to go with 伴隨
e.g. The work was attended with much difficulty. 這項(xiàng)工作帶來許多困難。
5. expose...to...
e.g. Don't expose your skin to the sun for too long.
They had to be exposed to the enemy's gunfire.
6. blame sb. for sth. 因?yàn)槟呈仑?zé)備某人
e.g. He blamed the boy for his mistake.
★ be to blame: 應(yīng)受責(zé)備，應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任
Who is to blame for the mistake?這個錯誤應(yīng)歸咎于誰?
7. in addition: 除此之外，另外, 意思相當(dāng)于 besides, what's more
e.g. I paid 100 Yuan in addition.
In addition to English, he has to study a second language.
◆ 區(qū)別: in addition to, except, besides,beside
? in addition to：除…之外，還有…，表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。
e.g. The company provided the workers with free lunch in addition to paid holidays. 這家公司為員工們提供帶薪假期，還有免費(fèi)午餐。
? except: 除…之外，表示在整體中排除，
e.g. Everyone except me got an invitation. 除了我以外, 所有人都收到了請柬.
? besides 表示“除了……以外，還有……”，與in addition to 同義，
e.g. Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.王先生也去了。
We all agreed besides him.我們都同意, 他也同意。
? beside : 在…旁邊。表示方位。
e.g. Lily sits beside me in class. 莉莉在班上做我旁邊。
同義句轉(zhuǎn)換
1)He speaks French as well as English.
e.g. He speaks French in addition to/besides English.
2) Apart from the salary, it’s not a bad job.
e.g. In addition to/Except the salary, it’s not a bad job.
8. announce: 公布;宣告
e.g. He announced his decision. 他宣布了他的決定。
9. absorb v.
1) 吸收 A sponge absorbs water. 海綿吸水。
2)專心于
★ be absorbed in sth: 專心的，全神貫注的
The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale. 這個小姑娘正在全神貫注的閱讀一篇故事。
10. challenge n.挑戰(zhàn); 挑戰(zhàn)書; 邀請比賽; 要求決斗
vt. 向...挑戰(zhàn), 要求, 懷疑 ; vi. 挑戰(zhàn), 對(證據(jù)等)表示異議
e.g. meet the serious challenge 面對嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)
Unit 2:
1. consist of = be made up of 由……組成 (沒有進(jìn)行時(shí))
e.g. The UK consists ofGreat BritainandNorthern Ireland.
=Great Britain and Northern Ireland make up the UK.
2. 區(qū)別:
? separate ... from (把聯(lián)合在一起或靠近的人或物分離出來)
? divide...into 把…分開 (把整體分為若干部分)
e.g. The teacher divided the class into two groups.
The Taiwan Strait separatesTaiwanfrom Fujian.
3. debate about sth.
e.g. They debate about the proposal for three days.
debate /argue/ quarrel
4. clarify: vt./vi. (cause sth. to )become clear or easier to understand 澄清;闡明;清楚;明了
e.g. I hope what I say will clarify the situation.
Can you clarify the question?
5. be linked to = be connected to /be joined to 連接
【習(xí)慣用語】★ link A to B 將A和B連接起來
6. refer to
1)提及，指的是……
e.g. When he said “some students”, do you think he was referring to us?
2) 參考;查閱;詢問
e.g. If you don't understand a word you may refer to your dictionaries.
Please refer to the last page of the book for answers.
3) 關(guān)系到;關(guān)乎
e.g. What I have to say refers to all of you.
This rule refers to everyone.
reference: n. 參考 e.g. reference books 參考書
7. to one's surprise (prep)
“to one's + 名詞” 表 “令某人……”
常見的名詞有 “delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment 等
e.g. I discovered, to my horror, that the goods were entirely unfit for sale.
To John's great relief they reached the house at last.
8. ... found themselves united peacefully
“find +賓語+賓補(bǔ)( adj; adv; v-ing; pp; 介詞短語;不定式)”
e.g. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.
You'll find him easy to get along with.
They found themselves trapped by the bush fire.
When I woke up, I found myself in hospital.
I called on him yesterday, but I found him out.
9. get sth done =have sth done 使某事被做…….
e.g. I'll just get these dishes washed and then I'll come.
get + n. + to do
get + n. + doing
You'll get her to agree.
I'll get the car going.
get done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶然發(fā)生，意為“被…….”
e.g. Be careful when you cross this very busy street.
10. break away (from sb / sth) 脫離;破除…
e.g. It is not easy for him to break away from bad habits.
The man broke away from his guards.
break down (會談)破裂，失敗;(汽車等)出故障;(人的健康狀況)變得惡劣;(情感)失控
e.g. His car broke down on the way to work this morning.
His health broke down under the pressure of work.
He broke down and wept when he heard the news.
Talks between the two countries have completely broken down.
? break in 闖入;打岔
? break off 中斷，折斷
? break into 闖入
? break out 爆發(fā);發(fā)生
? break up 驅(qū)散;分散，拆散
11. as well as 不僅…而且;既…又…
e.g. He is a teacher as well as a writer.
The children as well as their father were seen playing football in the street.
12. convenience: n.方便;便利(convenient: adj. )
e.g. We bought this house for its convenience.
13. attraction: (attract: v.)
1). 吸引;引力(不可數(shù) n.) e.g. attraction of gravitation 重力
2). 吸引人的東西;喜聞樂見的東西;精彩節(jié)目(可數(shù) n.)
He can't resist the attraction of the sea on a hot day.
A big city offers many and varied attractions.
What are the principle attractions this evening?
14. influence
1) v. 對…產(chǎn)生影響 e.g. What influence you to choose a career in teaching?
2)可數(shù)n. 產(chǎn)生影響的人或事 e.g. He is one of the good influences in the school.
3) (不可數(shù)n.) 影響 e.g. A teacher has great influence over his pupils.
Unit 3:
1. impression n. 印記;印象;感想;后接 of sb./ of sth./ on sb./ that 從句;
e.g. My first impression of him was favourable.
I got the impression that they were unhappy about the situation.
知識拓展：impress v.給……留下深刻的印象;使銘記;使感動;常用結(jié)構(gòu)有：impress sth. on/upon sb./impress sb. with sth.給……留下深刻的印象;使銘記;
e.g It impressed me that she remembered my name.令我佩服的是她記得我的名字。
2. remind v.提醒;使想起;
常用結(jié)構(gòu)有: remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事;
remind sb.+(that)/wh-從句 提醒某人……;使某人想起……;
remind sb. about/of sth. 使某人想起或意識到……;提醒某人某事
e.g. I'm sorry, but I've forgotten your name, can you remind me?
You remind me of your father when you say that.
知識拓展：reminder n.提醒物;引起回憶的事物
3. constantly adv.始終;一直;重復(fù)不斷地
e.g. Fashion is constantly changing.時(shí)尚總是日新月異。
知識拓展：constant adj.連續(xù)發(fā)生的;不斷的;重復(fù)的;
4. previous adj.先前的;以往的;(時(shí)間上)稍前的
e.g. No previous experience is necessary for this job.
I couldn't believe it when I heard the news. I had only seen him the previous day.
知識拓展：previously adv. 先前的;早先
e.g. The building had previously been used as a hotel.
5. bend v.(bent bent)彎曲;使彎曲;彎腰;彎身;
e.g. It's hard to bend an iron bar. 把鐵棒弄彎很不容易。
She bent her head and kissed her daughter. 她低下頭吻了她的女兒。
常用搭配有: bend one's mind/efforts to sth. 致力于某事
bend sb.to sth. 迫使;說服
bend the truth 歪曲事實(shí)
6. press v. 壓;按;推;擠;堅(jiān)持;敦促 n. 報(bào)章雜志，新聞工作者，新聞界
e.g. She pressed a handkerchief to his nose. 她用手絹捂住鼻子。
She pressed down hard on the gas pedal. 她用力踩下油門踏板。
He is still pressing her claim for compensation. 他仍堅(jiān)持索賠。
The press was/were not allowed to attend the trial. 庭審謝絕新聞采訪。
7. switch n. & v. 用作名詞表示“開關(guān);轉(zhuǎn)換”。用作動詞表示“轉(zhuǎn)換”。
e.g. She made the switch from full-time to part-time work when her first child was born.
Press these two keys to switch between documents on screen.
I can't work next week, will you switch with me?
8. lack n. & v. 用作名詞，表示：“缺乏;短缺”;用作動詞，表示：“缺乏;短缺;沒有;不足”。
e.g. a lack of food /money/skills 缺乏食物/金錢/技能
The trip was cancelled through lack of interest. 因?yàn)槿狈εd趣這次旅行被取消了。
He lacks confidence. 他缺乏信心。
知識拓展：lacking adj. 缺乏;沒有;匱乏;不足
9. surroundings n.[pl.] 環(huán)境;surround v. 圍繞;環(huán)繞 surrounding adj. 周圍的;附近的
e.g. Everyone likes to work in pleasant surroundings.
10. catch/gain/get sight of 發(fā)現(xiàn)，看出
? lose sight of 看不見,忘記
? lose one's sight 失明
? at first sight 一見就;乍看起來 At first sight, the problem seems easy.
?at (the) sight of 一看見就…… At the sight of the teacher, the boy ran away.
?be in sight 看得見，在眼前 The island is still in sight.
?out of sight 看不見 Out of sight, out of mind.
11. take up
to fill or use an amount of space or time 占用(時(shí)間);占據(jù)(空間)
to learn to or start to do sth 開始做(某項(xiàng)工作);開始從事
to accept sth. that is offered or available 接受(建議或能得到的東西)
e.g. The table takes up too much room. 這張桌子太占地兒。
They have taken up golf. 他們學(xué)起打高爾夫球來了。
She took up his offer of a drink. 他請她喝一杯，她接受了。
He takes up his duties next week. 他下周就要開始履行職責(zé)。
12. sweep up 打掃;清掃;橫掃;涌向;快速地抱起
e.g. He swept up the baby up into his arms. 他一把將孩子抱進(jìn)懷里
Unit 4:
1. concentrate vi. 聚精會神，集中思想，多與 on 和 upon 或連用 Concentrate on your work. 集中精神工作。
e.g. A driver should concentrate on the road when driving.
Industrial development is being concentrated in the west of the country.
2. acquire vt. 獲得, 學(xué)到，取得，擁有 acquired, acquiring
e.g. She acquired a knowledge of the English by careful study.
Some smoking and alcoholic drinks are an acquired taste and are not in born.
3. accuse sb. of doing sth. 指責(zé)，指控 accused, accusing
e.g. The police accused him of murder. 警方指控他謀殺。
She accused him lying. 她指責(zé)他說謊.
He was wrongly accused of stealing. 他誤遭控告犯偷盜罪.
4. be of interest/ importance, value, use, help, ... = interesting/important/valuable/useful/helpful...
e.g. This is a matter of great importance. 這是一件非常重要的事。
The book is of great value to me. 這本書對我來說有很大價(jià)值。
There is nothing interesting/of interest in today's newspaper.
5. journalist n.新聞記者;新聞工作者
e.g. He is a professional journalist. 他是一位專門的新聞從業(yè)人員
6. delighted a. 高興的, 快樂的
e.g. I am really delighted. 我真的很高興。
【詞語聯(lián)想】
delight n. 高興, 愉快 ; vt. 使高興, 樂于; vi. 感到高興(或愉快、快樂)
e.g.Singing is her chief delight. 唱歌是她的主要愛好。
7. assist n. 幫助, 協(xié)助; vt. 幫助, 促進(jìn); vi. 協(xié)助, 參加
【習(xí)慣用語 】
? assist sb. with sth. 幫助某人[做某事]
?assist sb. to do sth. 幫助某人[做某事]
?assist sb. in doing sth. 幫助某人[做某事]
◆ 區(qū)別: help, aid, assist 都含"幫助"、"援助"的意思。
?help 系常用詞, 意義較aid, assist 強(qiáng), 指"以積極態(tài)度給予各方面的幫助", 強(qiáng)調(diào)"受助者得到幫助或好處", 并著重"受助者對幫助的需要"
e.g. Please help me arrange these papers.
?aid 屬較正式用語, 強(qiáng)調(diào)"幫助受助者脫離困難或危險(xiǎn)", 有時(shí)意味著"強(qiáng)者援助弱者"
e.g. They aided flood victims.
?assist是正式用語, 多指"在提供幫助時(shí), 幫助者起次要或起協(xié)助作用"
e.g. She assisted him in his experiments.
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