高二英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)的總結(jié)介紹
在英語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)中,語(yǔ)法是比較重要的,下面學(xué)習(xí)啦的小編將為大家?guī)?lái)高二英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法的知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)介紹,希望能夠幫助到大家。
高二英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)的總結(jié)
主謂一致
1、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù);主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。(最基本的)
2、由and或bothand連接的并列成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
但并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一人、同一事物或同一概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
3、由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)之前如果分別由each, every, no修飾時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。
4、主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)時(shí),盡管后面跟有 but ,except, besides, with ,as well as ,together with ,along with,like 等引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí) ,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的主語(yǔ)一致。
注意:主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間插入了分詞短語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)要與主語(yǔ)保持一致。
5、一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞,如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)。
6、集體名詞family, class, team, group 等看作整體時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);看作每一個(gè)成員時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
7、 當(dāng)表示國(guó)家,城市,人名,書(shū)名,報(bào)紙,雜志,及組織機(jī)構(gòu)等的專(zhuān)有名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí),作為整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
The New York Times is reading all over the United States . 《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》
8、 news ,maths,physics ,politics等詞貌似復(fù)數(shù),實(shí)為單數(shù),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).
9、the +形容詞(如the poor ,the rich ,the young, the old , the dead ,the sick,the brave 等)作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)
10、表時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡等的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。
11、由連詞notbut, or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also,等連接的并列主語(yǔ),如果一個(gè)是單數(shù),一個(gè)是復(fù)數(shù),則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞按就近一致原則,與最靠近它的主語(yǔ)一致。
12、There be句型、以here開(kāi)頭的句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和靠近的主語(yǔ)一致。
13、a number of后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞,其動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式;但the number of后面加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
14、在定語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)是關(guān)系代詞who , that , which , 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)一致。
注意:在one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ who/that/which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中,從句謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)取決 于one前是否有the (only)、the very。如果有,從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),如沒(méi)有the only, 就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
省略
(有個(gè)表格:見(jiàn)英語(yǔ)選修6附錄)
?、?、狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略用法
以if從句為代表的狀語(yǔ)從句中的特殊省略用法:通常省略了it is,that is,there is/are。
?、颉⒍ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中的省略用法
關(guān)系詞的省略 關(guān)系代詞that,which,whom等在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)且不位于介詞之后時(shí),可以省略;in which或that在先行詞way后作方式狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可省略。
?、?、虛擬語(yǔ)氣中if及should的省略
1、 當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句中有were,had,should等時(shí)省略if,把它們提至句首,形成倒裝句。
2、 Suggest,insist,order,require等表示建議、要求、命令的動(dòng)詞后接的名詞性從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用should+動(dòng)詞原形,should可以省略。
Ⅳ、不定式符號(hào)to的省略
1、 感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,feel,watch等和使役動(dòng)詞have,make,let等后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),不定式省略to。
2、 在特定語(yǔ)境中為了避免重復(fù),當(dāng)不定式再次出現(xiàn)時(shí),在want,wish,hope,try,plan,like,love,hate后往往只保留to,而省略后面的動(dòng)詞。但不定式后有be,have時(shí),也保留be和have。
?、?、So和not的替代性省略
用于避免重復(fù)前面所說(shuō)過(guò)的內(nèi)容,替代詞so/not替代肯定或否定的名詞性從句??膳cbelieve,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think,Im afraid等連用。
倒裝
1.在there be/live/lie句型中用全部倒裝:
2.在以there, here, now, then +be/come/go+主語(yǔ)的句子中用全部倒裝:
注:如果主語(yǔ)是代詞則不用倒裝。
3.以off, away, out, in, up, down等副詞開(kāi)頭的句子以示強(qiáng)調(diào)或?yàn)榱耸骨榫案鷦?dòng),句子用全部倒裝:
注:如果主語(yǔ)是代詞則不用倒裝。
4. only, not until所修飾的介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞或狀語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí),要部分倒裝:
注:①主句倒裝,從句不倒裝。
②Only+主語(yǔ)置于句首時(shí),不倒裝。
5. never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, not, few, little, often, by no means, at no time等放在句首時(shí),要部分倒裝:
6.在no soonerthan; not onlybut also; hardly/scarcely when; 句型中,前面的句子要部分倒裝:
注:not onlybut also, neithernor連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)不倒裝。
7.以so, neither, nor開(kāi)頭的句子,表相同概念的肯定或否定時(shí),要全部倒裝:
I have never been to Beijing. Nor has he.
She is a teacher, so am I.
8.so/suchthat句型中,把so/such修飾的那部分放在句首時(shí),主句要部分倒裝:
9.as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,常把表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)置于主首,用倒裝:
注:如果表語(yǔ)是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,該詞前一般不加冠詞。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
10.省略if的虛擬條件句置于句首時(shí),用倒裝:
11. Such作表語(yǔ)放在句首時(shí),表示強(qiáng)調(diào),用倒裝:
12. 為了保持句子平衡,或使上下文連接更緊,可把介詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞短語(yǔ)、副詞或分詞提到主語(yǔ)前,用全部倒裝語(yǔ)序。
過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞
一、現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成(形式)
現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
過(guò)去分詞的構(gòu)成:done
二、過(guò)去分詞的用法
過(guò)去分詞一般表示完成的和被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作,只有一種形式。
過(guò)去分詞用法如下:
1.作定語(yǔ) 和現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)的用法相同。作定語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞如果是單詞,一般放在名詞的前面;如果是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ),要放在名詞的后面。
2.作表語(yǔ)
3.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
4.作狀語(yǔ)
三、現(xiàn)在分詞的用法
1. 作定語(yǔ) 作定語(yǔ)用的分詞如果是單詞,一般放在名詞的前面。如果是分詞短語(yǔ),一般放在名詞的后面,它的功用相當(dāng)于定語(yǔ)從句。
2. 作表語(yǔ)
3. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 分詞在復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中可作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)??蓭н@種復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有:see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep等。
注1:上述句子也可以變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)式。如:Steam can be seen rising from the wet clothes.
注2:復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中用現(xiàn)在分詞和用不定式意義稍有不同。不定式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了,指事物的全過(guò)程;分詞則表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
Fortune often rewards with interest those that have patience to wait for her. 這是一句英文諺語(yǔ)意思是只要有耐心,總會(huì)走好運(yùn)。
高中英語(yǔ)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的定義
過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)主要用于表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)候看來(lái)即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。如:
He said he would come here next Friday. 他說(shuō)他下周星期五來(lái)這兒。
I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble. 我知道當(dāng)我們陷入困境時(shí)它會(huì)幫助我們。
2. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)
(1) would + 動(dòng)詞原形。如:
She told us that she would try her best to catch up with other classmates this term. 她告訴我們說(shuō)她將一切努力在本期趕上其他同學(xué)們。
When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you. 過(guò)去當(dāng)你請(qǐng)她幫忙時(shí),他絕不會(huì)拒絕。
(2) was / were going to + 動(dòng)詞原形。如:
He told us that he was going to attend the meeting. 他告訴我說(shuō)他要參加那次會(huì)議。
He said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station. 他說(shuō)將要拍我去火車(chē)站接她
(3) was / were to + 動(dòng)詞原形。如:
The building was to be completed next month. 這座建筑改在下個(gè)月竣工。
Li Lei was to arrive soon. 李蕾很快就要到了。
(4) was / were about to + 動(dòng)詞原形。如:
We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavily and suddenly. 就在我們要離開(kāi)時(shí),天突然下起了大雨。
He was about to have lunch when the bell rang. 就在他要吃中飯的時(shí)候,門(mén)鈴響起來(lái)了。
(5) was / were +現(xiàn)在分詞。如:
He was leaving the next day. 他第二天要走了。
We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon. 我們接到通知說(shuō)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)們很快要來(lái)我們學(xué)校。
3. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的用法
(1) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),一般用于主句為過(guò)去時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)從句中。如:
He said he would stay with us. 他說(shuō)他要與我們呆在一起。
He said he would never go there again. 他說(shuō)他絕不會(huì)再去那兒。
(2) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí),用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣中,如:
If I were you, I would not do that. 要是我是你的話(huà),我就不會(huì)那樣做。
If he were here, he would show us how to do it. 如果他在這兒,他就會(huì)向我們展示該如何做了。
4. 拓展
was / were going to + 動(dòng)詞原形;was / were to + 動(dòng)詞原形;was / were about to + 動(dòng)詞原形等結(jié)構(gòu)都可表達(dá)當(dāng)時(shí)一種未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖或打算。如:
The conference was going to be held the next month. 會(huì)議下個(gè)月開(kāi)。
We were to have our class at eight. 八點(diǎn)我們?cè)撋险n了。
I was about to tell him about it when Wu Dong got in. 就在我要告訴他時(shí),吳東進(jìn)來(lái)了。
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