初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)人教版
英語學(xué)習(xí)是必然的，從幾年的學(xué)習(xí)過程中也領(lǐng)會(huì)了一些怎樣應(yīng)用策略的方法，如何學(xué)習(xí)才能更家對(duì)英語有興趣，最終學(xué)好英語必須要多下功夫。下面是小編整理的初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)，歡迎大家閱讀學(xué)習(xí)!
初中英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)
賓語從句
1.語序
無論主句是陳述句還是疑問句，賓語從句都必須使用陳述語序，即“主句+連詞+賓語從句(主語+謂語+……)”句式。根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所擔(dān)任的不同成分，可分為以下四種：
(1)連接詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語。常見的連接詞有： who, what, which等。如：
Could you tell me who knows the answer，please?你能告訴我誰知道答案嗎?
The small children don't know what is in their stockings.這些小孩子不知道襪子里有什么東西。
I don't know which belongs to my father.
(2)連接詞+名詞+謂語。連接詞在從句中作主語的定語。常見的連接詞有：whose, what, which, how many, how much等。如：
He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class.他問我們班上誰的書法最好。
The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room.老師問我們房間里有多少人。
(3)連接詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語、狀語或表語。常見的`連接詞有：who(m), what, which, how many, how much, when, why, how, where, if /whether(在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分)。如：
He hasn't decided if he'll go on a trip to Wuxi.他還沒決定是否去無錫旅行。
Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告訴我我如何處理這筆錢嗎?
(4)連接詞+名詞+主語+謂語。連接詞在從句中作賓語或表語的定語。常見的連接詞有：what, which, how many, how much, how等。如：
Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪個(gè)班嗎?
She asked me if I knew whose pen it was.她問我是否知道這是誰的鋼筆。
2.連接詞
(1)當(dāng)由陳述句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)，that無詞義，在口語或非正式文體中常省略。如：
He said that he could finish his work before supper.他說他會(huì)在晚飯前完成工作。
(2)當(dāng)由一般疑問句充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí)，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。如：
I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years.
但在下列情況下只能用whether：
①在具有選擇意義，又有or或or not時(shí)，尤其是直接與or not連用時(shí)，往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如：
Let me know whether /if he will come or not.(=Let me know whethe or not he will come)
I don't know whether/if he does any washing or not.(=I don't know whether or not he does any washing.)
I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.
②在介詞之后用whether。如：
I'm interested in whether he likes English.我關(guān)心的是他是否喜歡英語。
We're thinking about whether we can finish the work on time.
I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.我擔(dān)心是否傷了她的感情。
③在不定式前用whether。如：
He hasn't decided whether to visit the old man.他尚未決定是否拜訪那位老人。
I don't know whether to go.我不知去否。
He hasn't decided whether to go by bus or by train.他還未決定是乘公共汽車去還是坐火車去。
④whether置于句首時(shí)，不能換用if。如：
Whether this is true or not, I can't say.這是否真的我說不上來。
⑤引導(dǎo)主語從句和表語從句時(shí)宜用whether。如：
Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否能來還是個(gè)問題。
The question is whether we can catch the bus.問題是我們能否趕上公共汽車。
⑥ 若用if會(huì)引起歧義時(shí)，則用whether。如：
Please let me know if you like the book.可理解為：a. Please let me know whether you like the book.請(qǐng)告訴我你是否喜歡這本書。B. If you like the book, please let me know.你如果喜歡這本書，請(qǐng)告訴我。
(3)如果賓語從句原來是特殊疑問句，只需用原來的特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)。如：
Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?
九年級(jí)知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納
疑問詞是疑問代詞“who, whom, what, which, whose”和疑問副詞“when, where, how, why”。此外，連接詞“whether”也適用。
“疑問詞+不定式動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)有何功用呢?其主要功用有下列五種：
⑴當(dāng)主語，如：
When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.
Where to live is a problem.
How to cope with the rising cost of living becomes a daily discussiontopic.
⑵當(dāng)賓語，如：
We must know what to say at a meeting.
He could not tell whom to trust.
Do you know how to play bridge?
⑶當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語，如：
The problem is where to find the financial aid.
The question is who to elect.
⑷當(dāng)名詞同位語，如：
Tom had no idea which book to read first.
Do you have a rough impression how to do it?
⑸當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語，如：
Jim is not sure whose to choose.
Mary and John are not certain whether to get married or not.
適用于“疑問詞+不定式動(dòng)詞”的動(dòng)詞包括：“know, see, decide, tell, ask, consider, discover,explain, forget, guess, hear, imagine, inquire, learn, remember, think, wonder,understand”等。
有點(diǎn)值得特別注意的是：當(dāng)這結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)賓語時(shí)，它的作用等于名詞分句，例如：
I could not decide which dictonary to buy./ I could not decide whichdictionary I should buy.
Jack did not know where to find such a good teacher./ Jack did not knowwhere he could find such a good teacher.
有些動(dòng)詞，如“ask, show, tell, advise, inform,teach”等，可以先有個(gè)賓語，然后才接著加上適當(dāng)?shù)摹耙蓡栐~+不定式動(dòng)詞” 結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
The chief technician showed the apprentice how to repair the machine.
Have you told him where to get the application form?
初中英語知識(shí)重點(diǎn)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示此時(shí)此刻正在發(fā)生的事情。常與now，at the moment，look，listen等詞連用。
The little boy is watching TV now.
這個(gè)小男孩現(xiàn)在正在看電視。
Listen!She is playing the guitar in the next room.
聽!她正在隔壁房間彈吉他。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
肯定式：am/is/are+doing(現(xiàn)在分詞)
否定式：am/is/are not +doing(現(xiàn)在分詞)
一般疑問式：Am/Is/Are + 主語 +doing(現(xiàn)在分詞)+ 其他
特殊疑問式：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問式
They’re having a meeting now.
他們現(xiàn)在正在開會(huì)。
They aren't having a meeting now.
他們現(xiàn)在沒有在開會(huì)。
Are they having a meeting now?
他們現(xiàn)在正在開會(huì)嗎?
What are they doing now?
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