托福閱讀中精彩句子分析講解
托福閱讀考試中的句子,不僅可以出現(xiàn)在托福 閱讀中,挑選些有用的修改的書面化之后更可以出現(xiàn)于你的作文中為作文添彩,所以考生們應(yīng)時時注意這些,不用一字不落的背誦,要在平時閱讀中注意積累。下面小編給大家?guī)硗懈i喿x中精彩句子分析講解。
托福閱讀中精彩句子分析講解
1. Wearing masks and costumes, they often impersonated other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mined the desired effect – success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun – as an actor might.
戴著面具身著盛裝的人們,經(jīng)常扮演各種其他人物、動物或超自然生靈,并且作為一個扮演者所能做的,就是期盼一個在狩獵或戰(zhàn)役中獲勝、降雨的來臨,陽光的重現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。
2.But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.
但是這些事實(shí)不能解釋這個令人感興趣的問題,就是為什么在一個特殊的靠近他們出生的地方如此的集中了這么多懷孕的魚龍。
3.A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instruments capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a ship, percussive brilliance.
十九世紀(jì)一系列持續(xù)的機(jī)械進(jìn)步,包括踏板的傳入、金屬結(jié)構(gòu)的完善和鋼絲最完美的質(zhì)量,最后產(chǎn)生了一種能容納無數(shù)音調(diào)——從最精致的和弦到一個成熟管弦的聲音或從一個清澈的歌聲到輝煌的敲擊樂的效果——的樂器。
4.Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1972 as “silent”, the film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent.
雖然我們習(xí)慣于談到1972年以前的電影是無聲的,但用一句完全感性的話來說,電影從來就不是沒有聲音的。
5.For a number of years the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often the principal qualifications for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as the ownership of a large personal library of musical pieces.
多年以來電影音樂的選擇程序完全掌握在導(dǎo)演和音樂督導(dǎo)手中,通常擁有這些權(quán)力的主要資格并非是自身的技藝和品味而更多的是因?yàn)閾碛写罅康膫€人音樂素材庫。
6.Rather, they were made of a top layer of woolen or glazed worsted wool fabric, consisting of smooth, compact yarn from long wool fibers, dyed dark blue, green, or brown with a bottom layer of a coarser woolen material, either natural or a shade of yellow.
更進(jìn)一步,他們是由一個頂層是毛紡或光滑的精紡羊毛織物制作,包含光滑,緊湊的紗線來自長羊毛的纖維染成蘭黑色、綠色、或褐色底層含有粗糙天然的和暗黃色的毛紡材料。
7.For good measure, during the spring and summer drought, heat, hail, grasshoppers, and other frustrations might await the weary growers.
在春季和夏季,要精確量度干旱、熱量、冰雹、蝗蟲和其他損失可能是一件疲勞的事情。
8.What we today call America folk art was, indeed, art of, by, and for ordinary, everyday “folks” who, with increasing prosperity and leisure, created a market for art of all kinds, and especially for portraits.
我們今天所謂的美國民間藝術(shù),實(shí)際上是普通老百姓的藝術(shù)、被普通老百姓創(chuàng)造的藝術(shù)和為普通老百姓和日常提到的“民間人士”的藝術(shù),是一個他們在社會日漸繁榮和休閑情況下創(chuàng)建的一個包含各種各樣尤其是肖像畫種類的藝術(shù)的市場。
9.The people had no agriculture but, over thousands of years, had developed techniques and equipment to exploit their environment, basing their economy on fishing in streams and coastal waters that teemed with salmon, halibut, and other varieties of fish; gathering abalone, mussels, clams, and other shellfish from the rocky coastline; hunting land and sea mammals; and collecting wild plant foods.
他們沒有農(nóng)業(yè),但是經(jīng)過幾千年,已經(jīng)發(fā)展了探索自身環(huán)境的技術(shù)和設(shè)備。他們是基于大量出現(xiàn)鮭魚、大比目魚和其他多種魚類的自身流域和水岸捕魚的經(jīng)濟(jì);基于從落基山水岸聚集了鮑魚、蚌類、蛤和其他貝殼動物的經(jīng)濟(jì);基于捕獵地域和海洋哺乳動物的經(jīng)濟(jì);以及基于收集野生植物的食物的經(jīng)濟(jì)。
托福閱讀主觀題的常見錯誤
第一、馬虎粗心導(dǎo)致丟三落四或添油加醋
例1:“據(jù)說,PMI可以在較短的時間內(nèi)吸收較大劑量的甲基叔丁乙醚?!本渲屑訖M線的詞語能否刪去?為什么?
此題有兩問,第一問應(yīng)先回答“不能刪去”,第二問再回答不能刪去的原因,原因分三步來回答:一是先解釋“據(jù)說”在句中的含義,即“‘據(jù)說’是引用別人的話,不一定是真實(shí)的”;第二點(diǎn)再說明刪去該詞后對原句的理解有何影響,即“去掉后,此觀點(diǎn)就成了客觀事實(shí),與原意不相符”;第三步還要說明用該詞后語言運(yùn)用上有何特點(diǎn),即“用該詞,體現(xiàn)了說明文語言的科學(xué)準(zhǔn)確性?!?/p>
第二、審題不清,答非所問
粗心的考生在答題時,有的根本就沒回答第一問,直接從第二問作答;有的在回答第二問時,要點(diǎn)不全面,丟三落四,因而失分。
像此類失誤還很多,如“文中有這樣的話‘生活就這樣,當(dāng)你在為別人行善時也為自己儲蓄幸?!U埬憬Y(jié)合自己的生活體驗(yàn)談?wù)勀愕母形??!睂W(xué)生在作答時只談感悟,不結(jié)合自己的生活體驗(yàn)。
例2:結(jié)合你所學(xué)過的陶淵明的其他作品,說說你對五柳先生“不慕榮利”的看法。
考生在答該題上的失誤主要有兩方面,一是沒有結(jié)合學(xué)過的陶淵明的其他作品或是結(jié)合了作品,但作品中并沒有體現(xiàn)“不慕榮利”的看法(如《桃花源記》);二是回答的并非考生本人對五柳先生“不慕榮利”的看法,而是五柳先生自己“不慕榮利”的思想和表現(xiàn)。
例3:假如董生處在當(dāng)今社會,你對董生又有何建議?(《送董邵南游河北序》)
有的考生這樣回答:我建議董生為朝廷效力,用自己的知識才干造福于黎民百姓。這個考生在審題時,就沒有看清假設(shè)的前提——“處在當(dāng)今社會”。
第三、不善概括,抓不住重點(diǎn)
例4:本文(《五柳先生傳》)表現(xiàn)了五柳先生怎樣的性格特點(diǎn)?
第四、文體不清,用語不當(dāng)
記敘文語段《輕點(diǎn)關(guān)門》講述了一對夫婦為了老人的身體健康,請求鄰居們出入時輕點(diǎn)關(guān)防盜門,最后向鄰居行重禮致謝的故事,揭示了鄰里之間互相體諒、真誠相處的人性美。有的考生在回答上述問題時提出“加強(qiáng)思想教育,加強(qiáng)公民道德規(guī)范教育”,顯然,這不是原文作者所提倡的,也不是出題者的意圖所在。原文作者提倡的是:要以“禮”服人,以德感人,從自身做起,與人友善,待人真誠,共育人性的美麗之花。
中考閱讀中一般都要涉及到三大文章體裁,有些同學(xué)混淆了不同文體的特點(diǎn)。
例5:第3段主要運(yùn)用了的說明方法,作用是
(說明文《北京的園林》)
有的考生在第一個空格內(nèi)填上“舉例論證”(正確的答案是“舉例子”),第二條橫線上填的是“生動形象地揭示了文章的中心”(正確的答案是“用具體的事例來說明北京的園林建筑在細(xì)微之處見匠心的特點(diǎn)”)。顯然,這個考生把三種文體的特點(diǎn)雜糅在一起,張冠李戴了。
即使是同一類型的題,在不同文體中回答的方法也是不一樣的。同樣是用詞的恰當(dāng),但體現(xiàn)的是記敘文語言的生動形象性,說明文語言的科學(xué)準(zhǔn)確性,議論文語言的邏輯嚴(yán)密性。
第五、找不準(zhǔn)答題的立足點(diǎn)
例6:文中第2段李先生“靜靜地看著我們,眼里流露出一股濃濃的歉意?!闭埬愀鶕?jù)上下文揣摩李先生此時的心理活動。
仔細(xì)推敲題目的要求可看出,題意是要求答題者以自己的身份去推測李先生的心理活動,所以作答的時候只能用第三人稱“他”或“李先生”,不能用第一人稱“我”、“我們”。如果要用第一人稱的話也只能用“我認(rèn)為李先生他心里想……”的形式。此類題的失誤關(guān)鍵是沒有找準(zhǔn)答題的切入點(diǎn),沒有選好角度。
第六、不注意具體題型的行文模式
主觀性問答題中,行文語言要通順、簡明、準(zhǔn)確、得體。有些問答題應(yīng)順應(yīng)問句順?biāo)浦鄱稹H纾骸凹偃缍幵诋?dāng)今社會,你對董生又有何建議?”應(yīng)用“我建議董生……”的模式作答;“你認(rèn)為怎樣做才能讓我們周圍開滿人性的美麗之花?”應(yīng)用“我認(rèn)為……”的形式入題作答。
第七、信馬由韁,隨心所欲
并非所有的主觀性試題都可以由考生隨心所欲地發(fā)揮。做閱讀題時,應(yīng)注意千萬不能脫離閱讀語段,不能與文段中作者提出的觀點(diǎn)、揭示的中心、提倡的看法、做法相悖。
托福閱讀的水平差距體現(xiàn)在哪里
對于托福閱讀來說考生們的差距經(jīng)常就體現(xiàn)在到底讀到了什么水平,有些人在有限的托福閱讀時間內(nèi)與別人所讀出來的東西要相差許多,這就會對托福閱讀試題造成困擾。
很多考生在平時練習(xí)時習(xí)慣邊讀文章邊在題目上劃線,似乎不做記號 ,思維就無法跟上托福閱讀的速度,但是到了真正上機(jī)考試,不能對文章做記號的時候,考生難免會亂了陣腳。
有些考生因?yàn)橥懈i喿x時間緊,所以根本沒等讀完全文就直接做托福閱讀試題,這種抱著僥幸心理的考生真的上了考場其實(shí)是很危險的,因?yàn)閱螒{對文章局部的理解,根本無法掌握文章的整體內(nèi)容和觀點(diǎn)。
而還有一些考生必須把文章一字不漏的閱讀和翻譯之后才能做題,往往忽視了閱讀的速度,這種細(xì)讀的方法之適用于兩種情況:一種是考生已經(jīng)具備相當(dāng)強(qiáng)的閱讀水平,而且長期運(yùn)用這種方法,另外一種是這篇文章是你曾經(jīng)讀到過的,即使一字一句的讀也不會花太多時間。
很多人都認(rèn)為詞匯題的做的好不好完全取決于自己的詞匯量,事實(shí)上詞匯量是占了相當(dāng)一部分比重,但是不知道大家是否有過這樣的經(jīng)歷,有時候不認(rèn)識的詞經(jīng)過對上下文的理解和分析也可以作對,反而是那些認(rèn)識的詞匯經(jīng)常出錯,這是因?yàn)榇蠹以诿鎸ψ约河邪盐盏脑~匯時,往往忽略了上下文的重要性,憑感覺選出了一個自認(rèn)為理所當(dāng)然的答案。所以,做好詞匯題的關(guān)鍵就在于透徹分析上下文,有時候,個別詞匯題也許需要在文章其他段落尋找線索。
其實(shí)閱讀部分不僅是測試大家對托福文章的理解,還包括閱讀的速度,這兩方面都不能被忽視,光是具備扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠,還需要搭配運(yùn)用巧妙的做題技巧才能取得閱讀高分。
College courses aren’t all “Econ 1011”
and “The History of Europe: 1500-Present”. A trend among many colleges and universities is to offer courses that are slightly off the beaten track . Many of these courses draw their themes from pop culture or sports, or they may be the brainchildren of professors who want to share their passion with students. They may be no less serious than traditional courses, but they certainly cover new academic ground. Students take these off beat courses for a variety of reasons—hoping for an easy A, to try something fun, or to explore a new interest.
1) You can boldly go where no other philosophy student has gone before in Georgetown University ’s “Philosophy and Star Trek” course, where students discuss the nature of time travel, the ability of computers to think and feel, and other philosophical dilemmas facing the crew of the Starship Enterprise.
2) Discover how Brick really felt when Opal left him for his neighbor’s best friend’s sister in the University of Wisconsin’s course entitled “Daytime Serials: Family and Social Roles.” Students analyze
the plots, themes, and characters of daytime soaps and discuss their impact on modern life.
3) If you’ve been longing to research how hot dogs, theme parks, and the five-day workweek have impacted American leisure culture, check out the University of Iowa course “The American Vacation”. This course pays particular attention to how American families’ varying backgrounds shape their vacation experiences.
4) Bowdoin College students can delve into “The Horror Film in Context” in the school’s English Department. Students read Freud and Poe and watch Hitchcock and Craven, all while discussing the horror genre’ s treatment of gender, class, and family.
5) At Williams College, students can learn more about those in the cement shoe industry by enrolling in “Comparative History of Organized Crime”, which compares the work of goodfellas from the United States, Italy, Japan, and Russia.
6) If you’ve got a romantic urge for adventure, check out Barnard College’s course on “The Road Movie”, which studies Easy Rider and Thelma and Louise, while also discussing the genre’s literary precursors , like On the Road and The Odyssey.
7) If hitting the road doesn’t satisfy your rebellious streak, sign up for Brown University’s course on “American Degenerates”, in which students discuss how early British-American writers embraced the grotesque , monstrous, “not our kind” status bestowed on them by the mother country and reflected their zeal for cultural and physical degeneracy in their literature.
8) Those artsy types at the Rhode Island School of Design can put down their paintbrushes and take “The Art of Sin and the Sin of Art”, which contemplates the relationship between sin and the art world. The course catalog invites you to “l(fā)ust with the saints and burn with the sinners ”.
9) If talking about death several times a week in class sounds like a good time to you, try Purdue University’s “Death and the Nineteenth Century” course. Every poem and novel in the course deals with the 19th-century conception of mortality and the world beyond.
10) At Centre College in Danville, Kentucky, students can take “Art of Walking”, in which students not only read literature by noted perambulators like Kant and Nietzsche, but go for neighborhood strolls with their professor and his dog.
Most college programs offer interesting courses to introduce you to new and fascinating subject matters. Take advantage of the many possibilities offered to you by sitting down with your advisor to talk about course options and then really thinking about the courses you choose to take.
例如當(dāng)你看到一篇文章,首先要掃一下第一段,看看文章的難易程度,一般情況,平均每篇文章用時11分鐘左右,5篇文章中一定有2篇難度稍微大一些,所以首先定位文章的難度和分?jǐn)?shù)的比重,有助于合理的安排做題時間,以便在相同的時間內(nèi)拿到最多的分?jǐn)?shù)。
然后,建議大家從文章的結(jié)構(gòu)入手。文章的首句尤為重要,首句經(jīng)常涉及了文章的主題。其他段落也是主要看首句,后面的部分一般都是用來說明段落主題句的,所以略讀帶過即可,沒必要每個句子都理解到位,白白浪費(fèi)時間。這樣掌握每段大意,就不至于出現(xiàn)大方向上的理解偏差。
如何提升托福閱讀的答題正確率
許多考生難以理解托福閱讀文章,原因有兩點(diǎn):
(一)、沒有掌握一些熟詞的生僻含義。
(二)、缺乏分析長難句結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。
舉例說明:
There is always hope that in its labyrinth of musty, dark, disordered rooms a real rarity will be found amongst piles of assorted junk that litter the floor.
該句是由兩個that引導(dǎo)的從句,分別充當(dāng)hope的同位語從句和piles of assorted junk的定語從句。第一個由that引起的同位語從句,是由一段地點(diǎn)狀語“in its labyrinth of musty, dark, disordered rooms”來展開全句的,其主句的語態(tài)是一個由a real rarity做主語的被動語態(tài)。全句可以翻譯如下:人們還常?;孟朐诎l(fā)霉、陰暗、無序的迷宮般店堂里,從雜亂地堆放在地面上的、各式各樣的垃圾中淘到一件稀世珍品。
我們再來看一下這個句子,它是這樣寫的:
In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those (whom) they consider their equals from that which they assume with people (whom) they consider higher or lower than themselves in the social scale.
Though my aunt pursued what was, in those days, an enlightened policy, in that she never allowed her domestic staff to work more than eight hours a day, she was extremely difficult to please.
托福閱讀文章中曾出現(xiàn)過一個典型的長句。其難度更勝GRE:In everyday life, people tend to have a different approach to those they consider their equals from that which they assume with people they consider higher or lower than themselves in the social scale.
句子的主干為people tend to have a different approach from that,其中that為代詞,指代approach,此處譯為“方式”最為貼切,因此主干的意思很簡單:“人們傾向于采用一種方式,與其它方式不同?!?/p>
句子開頭為Though引起的狀語,動詞pursue的賓語是一個由what引起的名詞性從句,在插入了一個非常書面的in that(意思相當(dāng)于since)引起的從句之后,終于出現(xiàn)了主句she was extremely difficult to please。這種一步步將句子意思推向高潮的寫法就是英文中非常有氣勢的“圓周句”,直到句子的末尾,作者最終的意思才被揭曉。全句可以這樣理解:“(盡管)姑媽對待傭人們的做法在當(dāng)時那個年代算是開明的,(因?yàn)樗?從不讓傭人們每天干活超過8個小時,但傭人們還是很難讓她感到滿意。”
代詞that后緊跟which引導(dǎo)的從句充當(dāng)that,即the approach的定語。此外,句中還有兩個省略了whom的定語從句,將之補(bǔ)全如下:
全句直譯如下:在日常生活中,人們用一種方式對待他們認(rèn)為與自己社會地位同等的人,而用另一種的方式去對待他們認(rèn)為比自己社會地位高或低的人。
對于這種長句的準(zhǔn)確分析,需要日積月累的語言知識及良好語感,大家在托福閱讀備考過程中,千萬不能忽視真題演練。
托福閱讀中精彩句子分析講解相關(guān)文章:
★ 托福閱讀題型講解